俞孔坚.“新上山下乡运动”与遗产村落保护及复兴——徽州西溪南村实践[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(7):696-710.
“新上山下乡运动”与遗产村落保护及复兴——徽州西溪南村实践
New Ruralism Movement in China and Its Impacts on Protection and Revitalization of Heritage Villages: Xixinan Experiment in Huizhou District, Anhui Province
“新上山下乡运动”与遗产村落保护及复兴——徽州西溪南村实践
New Ruralism Movement in China and Its Impacts on Protection and Revitalization of Heritage Villages: Xixinan Experiment in Huizhou District, Anhui Province
作者
俞孔坚
北京大学建筑与景观设计学院 北京 100871
Yu Kongjian
College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
北京大学建筑与景观设计学院 北京 100871
Yu Kongjian
College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
中文关键词
传统村落;乡村遗产;遗产村落;新上山下乡;文化遗产保护;乡村建设
英文关键词
traditional villages;heritage villages;vernacular landscape;new Shangshan Xiaxiang movement;heritage protection;rural development
中文摘要
经历了30多年快速的城镇化之后，乡村开始大面积凋敝，承载灿烂农业文明的乡村遗产面临前所未有的挑战；同时，一波不可阻挡的逆城镇化暗流正在涌动，一场“新上山下乡运动”正在袭来，对遗产村落保护来说，这既是一次历史性的机遇，也可能是历史性的大灾难。消极保护的思想显然已经不能适应当代社会的需求，并已经证明注定失败。积极面对挑战，尽快探索新时代的遗产村落保护途径和方法，刻不容缓。面对复杂的乡村社会和经济条件，只有通过实验，才能找到问题的症结，并获得解决之策。文章表达了关于“新上山下乡运动”的观点，提出了此背景下的遗产村落保护和复兴的基本工作框架，并以徽州西溪南村为例，总结了近3年实践中的一些有益的经验，为中国正在和即将面临的大量遗产村落的保护和复兴工作，抛砖引玉。
英文摘要
After three decades' rapid urbanization in China, hundreds and thousands of villages, together with rich heritages of bearing the magnificent agricultural civilization, have been disappearing and degrading. Meanwhile, a new trend of pro-ruralism movement, called new Shangshan Xiaxiang (going down to the countryside) Movement is now emerging, that brings urban residents into the villages. It is a blessing or another historical destructive force for the heritage villages depending on how one adapts to the movement. Passive protection of village heritages has been proven unsuccessful and active adaptation to this new social trend seems to be imperative, and adaptive strategies and solutions need to be explored that require experiments on site. In this article, the author discussed a working framework of heritage village protection and revitalization in facing the new Shangshan Xiaxiang movement, and tested this framework in the experiment in the village Xixinan in Huizhou District, Anhui Province, China.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2017.07.004
作者简介
俞孔坚 北京大学建筑与景观设计学院教授。哈佛大学设计学博士,教育部"长江学者"特聘教授,国家"千人计划"专家。长期致力于用生态途径进行城乡规划和景观规划设计的科研、教学和工程实践,探索通过构建生态基础设施来综合解决城市内涝、水资源流失、水土污染、栖息地丧失及城市绿地使用等问题,实验设计并检验了一系列生态工程模块,并在中国200多个城市中推广应用。其设计作品以生态性和文化性,在国际上多次获奖,包括12 项由美国景观设计师协会授予的年度设计奖。2016年当选美国艺术与科学院院士,2017年被罗马大学授予名誉博士学位。E-mail:kjyu@urban.pku.edu.cn
Yu Kongjian Professor of College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Peking University. A recipient of Doctor of Design Degree at Graduate School of Design, Harvard University in 1995, he is the founder of the College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture and the Cheung Kong Scholar Chair Professor of Design at Peking University. He has served as the dean of the Graduate School of Landscape Architecture since 2003. His pioneering researches on the "ecological security patterns" and "sponge cities" have been adopted by the Chinese government as the guiding theory for national land use planning, eco-city campaign, and urban ecological restoration. He has won numerous international awards for his ecologically and culturally sensitive projects, including twelve ASLA (American Society of Landscape Architects) Excellence and Honor Awards. He was awarded the Honorary Doctorate Degree by the Sapienza University of Rome in 2017 and was elected Foreign Honorary Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2016. E-mail:kjyu@urban.pku.edu.cn
Yu Kongjian Professor of College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Peking University. A recipient of Doctor of Design Degree at Graduate School of Design, Harvard University in 1995, he is the founder of the College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture and the Cheung Kong Scholar Chair Professor of Design at Peking University. He has served as the dean of the Graduate School of Landscape Architecture since 2003. His pioneering researches on the "ecological security patterns" and "sponge cities" have been adopted by the Chinese government as the guiding theory for national land use planning, eco-city campaign, and urban ecological restoration. He has won numerous international awards for his ecologically and culturally sensitive projects, including twelve ASLA (American Society of Landscape Architects) Excellence and Honor Awards. He was awarded the Honorary Doctorate Degree by the Sapienza University of Rome in 2017 and was elected Foreign Honorary Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2016. E-mail:kjyu@urban.pku.edu.cn
