王小丹,程根伟,赵涛,张宪洲,朱立平,黄麟.西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设成效评估[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(1):29-34.

西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设成效评估

Assessment on Protection and Construction of Ecological Safety Shelter for Tibet

王小丹
中国科学院/水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610041
Wang Xiaodan
Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
程根伟
中国科学院/水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610041
Cheng Genwei
Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
赵涛
中国科学院科技促进发展局 北京 100864
Zhao Tao
Bureau of Development and Planning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
张宪洲
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
Zhang Xianzhou
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
朱立平
中国科学院青藏高原研究所 北京 100101
Zhu Liping
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
黄麟
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
Huang Lin
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

         生态安全屏障;成效评估;生态工程;西藏高原

        ecological safety shelter;effectiveness assessment;ecological engineering;Tibetan Plateau

        西藏是青藏高原的主体，地球第三极的核心，地理环境十分特殊，全球生态地位极为重要。2009年2月18日，国务院第50次常务会议审议并通过了《西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设规划（2008-2030年）》，提出用近5个“五年规划”期的时间，投入资金155亿元，实施保护类、建设类和支撑保障类三大类10项工程，基本建成国家生态安全屏障。截至2015年，一期工程顺利实施完成。根据中科院与西藏自治区科技合作座谈会精神，在中科院“西部行动”计划和“战略性先导科技专项”支持下，完成了西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设一期工程成效评估。结果表明，一期工程进展顺利，完成了阶段目标；高寒生态系统结构整体稳定，生态格局变化率低于0.15%；生态系统服务稳中略增，增幅3%-5%。但西藏生态环境脆弱，筑牢屏障任务依然艰巨。

        As the main body of the Tibetan Plateau and the center of the Third Pole, Tibet's geographical environment is very special and its ecological status is extremely important globally. On February 18, 2009, the State Council of China approved the implementation of "Protection and Construction Planning of Ecological Safety Shelter for Tibet (2008-2030)". It aimed to construct national ecological security barrier by implementing 10 projects, which belong to 3 categories including protection projects, construction projects, and support projects, through nearly five-year plan period of time and investing 15.5 billion Chinese Yuan. According to the technological cooperation conference between Tibet Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS has finished the first assessment of the project of the construction of ecological security barrier of Tibet which supported by the Action Plan for Western Development and the Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Projects of the CAS. The results showed that the project went well and reached the current goals. The alpine ecosystem structure was overall stable and the rate of change of ecological patterns was less than 0.15%. The ecosystem services were stable and slightly increased approximately 3 to 5%. Nevertheless, it is a challenging task to build a strong barrier due to the fragile ecological environment in Tibet.