尤再进.中国海岸带淹没和侵蚀重大灾害及减灾策略[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(10):1190-1196.

中国海岸带淹没和侵蚀重大灾害及减灾策略

Coastal Inundation and Erosion Hazards along the Coast of China and Mitigation Strategies

尤再进
鲁东大学港口与海岸工程防灾减灾研究中心 烟台 264025;昆士兰大学海岸工程研究中心 布里斯班 4072
You Zaijin
Centre for Ports and Coastal Engineering Disaster Mitigation, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China;The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia

         风暴潮;淹没;侵蚀;海岸灾害;海平面上升

        storm tide;inundation;erosion;coastal hazards;sea level rise

        中国是个海洋大国，拥有1.8万公里长的大陆海岸线，沿海人口居住密度大、重大基础设施分布稠密、海洋资源丰富。同时，中国海岸带经常遭遇重大自然灾害的袭击，造成直接的年均经济损失约为188亿元，年均人员死亡为256人（1989-2015年）。其中，台风引起的风暴潮和台风巨浪是致灾主要因素。随着全球气候变化的加剧和海平面上升，中国海岸带灾情可能会持续加重，严重威胁沿海人民生命财产安全，制约海岸带经济的可持续发展。基于最新的中国海洋灾害数据（1989-2015年）和国外先进的海岸带防灾减灾技术，文章讨论了中国海岸带遭受主要海洋灾害的现状，定量地分析和评估了这些主要灾害对中国沿海经济和人员生命安全的影响，最后提出做好中国沿海防灾减灾的几点对策建议。

        The mainland coastline of China is about 18 000 km long, along which a large number of people live and work, but it is often ravaged by major coastal typhoons/storms. High water levels and large waves were generated by coastal typhoons, resulting in severe coastal inundation and erosion problems. Typhoons-induced storm tides, large waves, and coastal erosion are major coastal hazards of China, which caused annual damage of about RMB ￥ 18.8 trillion to the coastal economy and annual losses of 256 people' lives based on the most recent data collected from 1989 to 2015. The frequency and intensity of the coastal hazards are expected to increase in response to future changing storm conditions and rising sea levels on the coast of China. This paper is designated to review on major coastal hazards occurred along the coast of China, and then assess their impacts, and finally make some recommendations on how to minimize their impacts.