当前我国文化遗产工作中的若干问题

Discussions on Issues of Cultural Heritage Conservation of China
作者
        郭旃(中国文物学会 中国文物学会世界遗产研究会 北京 100025;国际古迹遗址理事会西安保护研究中心 西安 710068)
中文关键词
         机制;重建;文物保护;文化遗产;世界遗产
英文关键词
        mechanism;reconstruction;conservation;authenticity;world heritage
中文摘要
        我国文物工作在顶层指导和设计空前的大好形势与保护现状之间隔着“雾霾”。这种“雾霾”主要包含认识的障碍,组织架构的缺陷,专业特点的制约,机制的障碍。为克服“雾霾”,开创新局面,文章建议:不断提升各级地方政府领导人的思想认识,并避免高学历形势中“专家型领导”任性、专断现象;改进机构和机制,建立综合统筹的专业咨询和评估督察机制;遵循“正确的保护理念”,准确界定价值观,辨清和坚守“真实性”理念和相关联的“最少干预”维修原则,摒弃不当理念下的“重建”之风,进一步界定什么是“文物原状”;紧急关注文物工程面对“一刀切”简单改革模式的压力和威胁;关注国际公约敏感性,发挥世界文化遗产的旗舰效应,克服“重申报,轻管理”严重倾向;实事求是构建和完善中国特色文化遗产保护体系。
英文摘要
        There is so called "haze" between the unprecedented situation of top-level guidance and design and the current status of cultural heritage conservation in China, including lacking of enough awareness, deficiency of organizational framework, restraints of conservation characteristics, and barrier of mechanism. In order to overcome this "haze" and create new prospects, the author recommends the followings. Truly and continuously elevate the way of thinking and understanding of government authorities at all levels, to implement the lifelong accountability system and regulation for heritage conservation. Establish an integrated mechanism of professional consultation, assessment, and monitoring. Follow "the correct protection concept", precisely define the correct system of values, identify the "original state of cultural relics", stay firm at the authenticity concept and the relevant maintenance principle of "minimal intervention", reject "reconstruction" behavior under any improper concept. Fully respect the specialty and peculiarity of cultural heritage, pay high attention to the pressure and threats from the engineering projects on cultural heritage against the simple reform of "cut all at one stroke" mode. Pay highly attention to the international convention, display the World Heritage's flagship effect, and overcome the negative tendencies of "emphasizing the nomination, neglecting the management". Carry out an integrated protection of all types of heritage for building and improving the cultural heritage conservation system with Chinese characteristics based on facts and being practical and realistic.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.2017.07.006
作者简介
郭旃 中国文物学会副会长兼世界遗产研究会会长。联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会咨询机构——国际古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS)前副主席。英国伦敦大学亚非学院客座教授。丝绸之路跨国联合申遗协作委员会双主席之一。参与主持了迄今为止所有中国文化遗产及部分文化与自然复合遗产的申报和管理工作,参加了1994年以来历届世界遗产委员会和国际古迹遗址理事会相关国际会议及诸多国际研讨、咨询工作,在国内外发表论文50余篇,专题演讲逾百场。E-mail:guozhan1@126.com
Guo Zhan Former vice president of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS, 2005—2014), Co-Chair of the Coordination Committee of the Serial Transnational Nomination for World Heritage of the Silk Roads, Chairman of World Heritage Institute of the Cultural Relic Academy CHINA, Honorary Visiting Professor at University College London (UCL), UK. From 1985 to 2016, he participated in the protection, nomination, and monitoring of all the Chinese World Cultural Heritage Sites. He has published more than 50 research papers and presented more than 100 professional lectures. E-mail:guozhan1@126.com
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