当前我国文化遗产工作中的若干问题

Discussions on Issues of Cultural Heritage Conservation of China

        郭旃(中国文物学会 中国文物学会世界遗产研究会 北京 100025;国际古迹遗址理事会西安保护研究中心 西安 710068)

         机制;重建;文物保护;文化遗产;世界遗产

        mechanism;reconstruction;conservation;authenticity;world heritage

        我国文物工作在顶层指导和设计空前的大好形势与保护现状之间隔着“雾霾”。这种“雾霾”主要包含认识的障碍，组织架构的缺陷，专业特点的制约，机制的障碍。为克服“雾霾”，开创新局面，文章建议：不断提升各级地方政府领导人的思想认识，并避免高学历形势中“专家型领导”任性、专断现象；改进机构和机制，建立综合统筹的专业咨询和评估督察机制；遵循“正确的保护理念”，准确界定价值观，辨清和坚守“真实性”理念和相关联的“最少干预”维修原则，摒弃不当理念下的“重建”之风，进一步界定什么是“文物原状”；紧急关注文物工程面对“一刀切”简单改革模式的压力和威胁；关注国际公约敏感性，发挥世界文化遗产的旗舰效应，克服“重申报，轻管理”严重倾向；实事求是构建和完善中国特色文化遗产保护体系。

        There is so called "haze" between the unprecedented situation of top-level guidance and design and the current status of cultural heritage conservation in China, including lacking of enough awareness, deficiency of organizational framework, restraints of conservation characteristics, and barrier of mechanism. In order to overcome this "haze" and create new prospects, the author recommends the followings. Truly and continuously elevate the way of thinking and understanding of government authorities at all levels, to implement the lifelong accountability system and regulation for heritage conservation. Establish an integrated mechanism of professional consultation, assessment, and monitoring. Follow "the correct protection concept", precisely define the correct system of values, identify the "original state of cultural relics", stay firm at the authenticity concept and the relevant maintenance principle of "minimal intervention", reject "reconstruction" behavior under any improper concept. Fully respect the specialty and peculiarity of cultural heritage, pay high attention to the pressure and threats from the engineering projects on cultural heritage against the simple reform of "cut all at one stroke" mode. Pay highly attention to the international convention, display the World Heritage's flagship effect, and overcome the negative tendencies of "emphasizing the nomination, neglecting the management". Carry out an integrated protection of all types of heritage for building and improving the cultural heritage conservation system with Chinese characteristics based on facts and being practical and realistic.