深海极端环境与生命过程研究现状与对策

Extreme Environment and Life Process in Deep-sea: Research Status and Strategies

        李超伦(中国科学院海洋研究所 青岛 266071)
        李富超(中国科学院海洋研究所 青岛 266071)

         深海;极端环境;生命过程;研究现状与对策

        deep-sea;extreme environment;life process;research status and strategies

        深海作为海洋系统的重要组成部分，涉及到国家战略和疆域拓展，一直是海洋强国争夺的战略重点。深海极端环境塑造了特殊的生命过程，资源潜力巨大，对其探测与研究是国际地球科学前沿。对水深1 000 m以下的海山、热液、冷泉等海洋极端环境与生活在这些环境中的特殊生命进行综合探测，涉及到深海地质环境、化学环境、物理环境和特殊生态系统，涉及到深海极端环境特殊装备的研发以及深海探测与研究综合平台建设，涉及到考察船、深潜器、特殊装备、方法体系的建立和技术体系的建立，是一个国家综合实力的体现。文章总结了国际上深海极端环境和生命过程研究进展，在分析我国深海研究现状基础上，提出未来我国深海极端环境和生命过程研究对策。

        As an important part of the marine system, the deep ocean relates to the national strategy and territory expansion, which is always the key point of contention for the maritime power. The extreme environment of the deep-sea has created a special life process, which is great potential resource. To comprehensively detect marine extreme environment to a depth of 1000 meters below and life in these environments, such as the seamounts, hydrothermal vents, and cold seeps, it needs multidisciplinary study of geology, chemistry, physical oceanography, and ecology. It needs the development of special equipment for deep-sea extreme environment and the integrated platform of exploration and research. It depends on research vessels, submersibles, special equipments, and technology system. It is a manifestation of the overall national strength. This paper summarizes the research progress of extreme environments and life processes in the world, and puts forward the future development strategies for the research on the deep-sea extreme environment and life process in China.