脑科学与类脑研究概述

Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology-An Overview

        蒲慕明(中国科学院上海生命科学研究院神经科学研究所 上海 200031;中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心 上海 200031)
        徐波(中国科学院自动化研究所 北京 100190;中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心 上海 200031)
        谭铁牛(中国科学院自动化研究所 北京 100190;中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心 上海 200031)

         脑科学;神经网络;脑疾病;人工智能;类脑研究;智能机器人

        brain science;neural network;brain disease;artificial intelligence;brain-inspired research;intelligent robot

        脑科学和类脑智能技术是两个重要的前沿科技领域；二者相互借鉴、相互融合的发展是近年来国际科学界涌现的新趋势。脑科学研究对大脑认知神经原理的认识，提升了人类对自身的理解和脑重大疾病的诊治水平，也为发展类脑计算系统和器件、突破传统计算机架构的束缚提供了重要的依据。文章概括性地总结了国际脑科学和智能技术领域的总体进展，未来15年的发展趋势和有望解决的重大科学问题，以及我国在这两领域发展的特色和优势。

        Brain science and brain-inspired intelligence technology are two important frontier areas in science and technology. There is an emergent trend in recent years for interaction and fusion of ideas and approaches in these two areas. Elucidation of the basic neural circuit principles of cognitive processes in the brain not only allows us to understand ourselves better but also facilitates the diagnosis and intervention of brain diseases. It also helps the development of brain-like computing methods and devices, and provides the basis for a new generation of computers with design beyond von Neumann architecture. Here we provide an overview of the current status and recent international development, future trend and prospects for solving major problems, and special features and advantages of Chinese researchers in these two areas.