“一带一路”沿线文化遗产保护与利用的观察与认知

Observation and Cognition for Conservation and Usage of Cultural Heritage along the Belt and Road

        王心源(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 北京 100094;联合国教科文组织国际自然与文化遗产空间技术中心 北京 100094)
        刘洁(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 北京 100094;联合国教科文组织国际自然与文化遗产空间技术中心 北京 100094)
        骆磊(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 北京 100094;联合国教科文组织国际自然与文化遗产空间技术中心 北京 100094)
        李丽(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 北京 100094;联合国教科文组织国际自然与文化遗产空间技术中心 北京 100094)

         "一带一路";文化遗产;保护与利用;空间技术

        the Belt and Road;cultural heritage;conservation and usage;space technology

        通过对"一带一路"文化遗产赋存环境背景特征,以及遗产构成的时间、空间与材质特征的观察分析,指出沿线文化遗产保护状况总体处于不容乐观的情形。"一带一路"文化遗产保护面临4个问题:(1)环境变化引起文化遗产的损毁严重;(2)风化剥蚀作用引起文化遗产的老化与病害一直在进行;(3)人类经济活动与过度旅游造成的破坏逐渐加剧;(4)战争与盗掘恶性破坏近年变得尤为引人关注。提出"一带一路"沿线文化遗产保护与利用的5条对策:(1)加强文化遗产共性病害与保护的国际合作研究;(2)充分发挥空间信息技术在遗产保护与监测中的作用;(3)加强文化遗产联合综合开发利用研究;(4)搭建信息共享平台实现文明新融合;(5)推动共同发展实现文化遗产自觉保护。"一带一路"建设要文化先行,通过文化交流传播增强吸引力,形成一个将历史、现实与未来连接在一起面向全球化战略架构的命运共同体,促进沿线社会、经济、文化、生态合作共赢及可持续发展。

        As the core carrier of diverse cultures along the Belt and Road, cultural heritage boasts significant value in that not only reflects how the ancient civilizations had dialogue, communication, collision, and convergence, but more importantly, provides valuable historical experience for the future sustainable development in terms of how different cultures treated each other on equal terms and with mutual trust, how they accommodated and learned from each other, and how they sought win-win cooperation. Through an examination of the environmental background of cultural heritage and an analysis upon the temporal and spatial features as well as material characteristics of the heritage, this paper points out that the cultural heritage protection along the Belt and Road is not optimistic, as mainly reflected in the following four problems. The environment change has taken a heavy toll on the cultural heritage; the cultural heritage is subject to weathering and pests all the time; human activities and over-tourism incur more and more damage; wars and illegal excavation among other severe destruction have become quite a concern over recent years. In light of the requirements of the Belt and Road Initiative in the new era, five coping strategies for cultural heritage protection along the Belt and Road are proposed: (1) strengthening international cooperative research on and protection against common pests threatening cultural heritage; (2) fully leveraging the role of spatial information technology in heritage protection and monitoring; (3) enhancing combined comprehensive development and utilization of cultural heritage; (4) building an information platform to achieve new integration of cultures; (5) promoting common development to realize self-motivated cultural heritage protection. The implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative starts with cultural communication that is bound to increase the appeal of the Initiative. We endeavor to build a globalization-oriented community of common destiny that absorbs the influence of historical and cultural concepts and links the past, the present, and the future, with a view of boosting social, economic, cultural, and ecological win-win cooperation and sustainable development of the countries along the Belt and Road.