基于空间认知的“丝绸之路经济带”耕地利用模式

Spatial Cognition on Cultivated Land Utilization Pattern of the Silk Road Economic Belt

        吴炳方(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 数字地球重点实验室 北京 100101)
        曾红伟(中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 数字地球重点实验室 北京 100101)
        陈曦(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 乌鲁木齐 830011)

         耕地规模;种植结构;水土资源;中亚;新疆

        cultivated area;planting structure;water resources;Central Asia;Xinjiang

        通过耕地利用模式的遥感动态监测,认知丝绸之路核心带中亚五国与我国新疆地区的农业发展现状,同时结合两地水资源禀赋特征,总结耕地扩张过快、农业结构失衡是该地区农业发展存在的主要问题,也是区域生态环境恶化的主要根源。结合中亚与新疆水资源禀赋不足且空间分布不均、但天然草场丰富的特点,提出以流域为单元,水资源约束下的控制耕地规模、调整种植结构、积极发展高端畜牧业与精品瓜果业的发展思路,从而为"丝绸之路经济带"核心区的发展提供宝贵的水资源支撑。

        The development of agriculture should be compatible with region's water and land resources; otherwise serious ecological environment degradation would be resulted from over expansion of cropped land. Through comprehensive analysis of agricultural development status of Central Asia and Xinjiang, the core of the Silk Road Economic Belt, under the constrain of water resources in this region, the major problems on agricultural development and the causes of ecological environment deterioration were fast expansion of cultivated land and inappropriate agricultural structure. Considering water resources shortage and the rich natural grassland, this paper proposed a new agricultural development mode that consist of reducing cultivated area, adjusting planting structure, and developing elegant animal husbandry and fine fruits. We hope those suggestions could save more water to support the development of Central Asia and Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the Silk Road Economic Belt.