实施精准扶贫与区域协调发展

Study on Implementation of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Regional Coordinated Development

        刘慧(中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101)

         精准扶贫;挑战;集中连片特困地区;区域精准扶贫;区域协调发展

        targeted poverty alleviation;challenge;concentrated zones of poverty;regional targeted poverty alleviation;regional coordinated development

        农村贫困人口脱贫是2020年全面建成小康社会最艰巨的任务。精准扶贫和集中连片特困地区的区域扶贫攻坚计划是当前我国扶贫攻坚的两大主要模式。2011年国家大幅提高贫困标准,贫困人口规模、分布特征、贫困内涵等都发生了较大的变化。文章在分析新贫困标准下我国农村贫困基本特征的基础上,全面解析了当前扶贫开发中面临的挑战,在此基础上提出了区域精准扶贫的理念,包括:建立多维贫困区域识别指标体系,开展精准化贫困区域识别;采取多元化扶贫方式;以及实施基于不同地理空间尺度和贫困地区类型的差异化的分类扶贫政策。文章最后针对当前两大扶贫模式中存在的缺陷,提出了拓展精准扶贫内涵、促进区域协调发展的途径和建议。

        Rural poverty reduction is the most difficult task for building a well-off society in an all-round way in China by the year of 2020.At present, targeted poverty alleviation and poverty reduction program in concentrated zones of poverty are the main models for poverty alleviation in China.In 2011, The Chinese government increased rural poverty standard to 2300 RMB(rural annual per capital income at constant price in 2010) in "China's rural poverty alleviation and development program(2011_2020)", which is 92% higher than that in 2009.As the raise of poverty standard and the increase of number of poor people, although the contiguous and concentrated distribution of povertystricken areas has not changed significantly, the geography distribution of poor people is becoming more concentrated at micro-scale, and more disperse at macro-scale.Most poverty stricken regions are in the important eco-function areas, which results in "environment-related poverty".Meanwhile, poverty reduction objective is changed from having enough to eat and wear to narrowing the gap, enhance the development capacity, and promote regional coordinated development.Based on the above characteristics of China's rural poverty, the paper analyzes the challenges in face of poverty alleviation in China at present, such as the contradiction between ecological protection and poverty reduction, low quality of labor forces, and the lack of regional central city or economic growth pole in the contiguous and concentrated poverty stricken areas.The conception and meaning of regional targeted poverty alleviation are proposed in this paper, which includes:(1) to establish an index system for regional multi-dimensional poverty identification, which comprises not only income as the key indicator but also health, education, and social participation ability, etc., and to carry out regional target poverty identification;(2) to take multi-measures for poverty reduction, such as eco-poverty alleviation, development of green industries with local advantages, and education improvement, etc.;(3) to classify regional types of poverty stricken areas and implement different policies in different geographical scales, such as village, county, or concentrated zones of poverty, and different types of poverty.In the end, in view of the shortages of the current two major poverty alleviation models, suggestions are proposed in expanding the contents of targeted poverty alleviation and promoting regional coordinated development.