马松林,覃事建.显示面板制造装备国产化的思考与行动[J].中国科学院院刊,2025,40(5):904-912.

显示面板制造装备国产化的思考与行动

Considerations and initiatives for domesticating display manufacturing equipment

马松林
国家新型显示技术创新中心 广州 510700
MA Songlin
National Center of Technology Innovation for Display, Guangzhou 510700, China
覃事建
国家新型显示技术创新中心 广州 510700
QIN Shijian
National Center of Technology Innovation for Display, Guangzhou 510700, China

         显示制造装备国产化;市场需求;产业战略安全;技术主权;利润分配;产业升级;国产化替代

        domesticating display manufacturing equipment;market demand;industrial strategic security;technological sovereignty;profit distribution;industrial upgrade;domestic substitution

        显示面板产业从阴极射线管（CRT）发展到有机发光二极管（OLED），日本、韩国等国家的主要技术引领区域基本采用“装备—材料—产品”的全链条垂直整合模式，实现区域内的产业链自足，同时每一次技术跃迁都重构了全球产业版图。中国显示产业的发展从零起步，通过成套引进、消化吸收、自主创新的模式，逐步实现了出货量居全球第1位，但同时还存在“大而不强”的痛点：显示面板产线核心装备严重依赖进口。显示产业的市场需求仍在不断增长，虽然液晶显示器（LCD）已趋于饱和，但是OLED正成为市场主力军，预计到2027年OLED出货量将达到12.2亿片，其装备的投资占比已超过80%并在逐年提升；微米发光二极管 （Micro LED） 将步入市场前端，预计到2030年全球Micro LED显示面板市场规模将突破千亿美元，出货量也将达到数亿片级别，其装备投资占比也将高达80%以上。针对显示产业未来的市场需求，以及当前显示面板制造核心装备国产化的诸多不足（如高世代产线投资规模大、产业链协同不足、市场需求变化、技术与市场双重挑战等），布局显示面板制造核心装备国产化关系到我国显示产业的供应链安全，保证技术主权及利润分配的掌控，同时能推动我国显示产业升级，推动科技新的增长点。显示产业的发展为装备产业积累了一定的技术基础，培养了一批人才，特别是国家相关集成电路制造专项行动为显示制造装备国产化提供了宝贵经验，加上广东省在显示产业基础、技术可行性和平台基础等方面的优势，位于广东省佛山市的季华实验室已展开行动，牵头实施了显示制造核心装备国产化的专项“璀璨行动”，布局了17台套核心装备项目，规划用5—10年时间完成国产化研制测试验证及产业化应用，逐步实现装备国产化的替代。

        The display panel industry has evolved from CRT to OLED, with major technology-leading regions such as Japan and South Korea adopting a vertically integrated model encompassing equipment, materials, and products. This approach ensures selfsufficiency within their regional industrial chains, while each technological leap has reshaped the global industry landscape. China’s display industry started from scratch and, through a strategy of complete technology import, digestion and absorption, and independent innovation, has gradually achieved the world’s highest shipment volume. Nevertheless, it still faces the challenge of being “large but not strong”, as core equipment for display panel production lines heavily relies on imports. Market demand for display technology continues to grow. While LCD is nearing saturation, OLED is becoming the mainstream, with shipments expected to reach 1.22 billion units by 2027. Equipment investment for OLED already exceeds 80% and is rising annually. Meanwhile, Micro LED is emerging as a next-generation technology, with the global Micro LED display panel market projected to surpass $100 billion by 2030, reaching shipment volumes in the hundreds of millions. Equipment investment for Micro LED will also account for over 80%. Given the future market demand and current shortcomings in domestic manufacturing of core display panel equipment—such as the large-scale investment required for high-generation production lines, insufficient industrial chain coordination, shifting market demands, and dual challenges in technology and market—advancing the localization of core display panel manufacturing equipment is crucial for securing China’s display industry supply chain, safeguarding technological sovereignty and profit control, and driving industrial upgrades and new growth points in technology. The development of the display industry has laid a technical foundation and cultivated talent for equipment manufacturing. Notably, the national special action on integrated circuit manufacturing provided valuable experience in localizing display manufacturing equipment. Leveraging Guangdong Province’s advantages in industrial foundations, technical feasibility, and platform infrastructure, Ji Hua Laboratory in Foshan Guangdong has taken the initiative by launching the “Brilliance Initiative”, a dedicated effort to localize core display manufacturing equipment. The project encompasses 17 key equipment initiatives, with a 5–10 year plan to complete R&D, testing, verification, and industrial application, gradually achieving domestic substitution for critical equipment.