梅阳,牛昊,姜涵.新型举国体制推进AI企业创新生态系统跨越发展：机理、问题与策略[J].中国科学院院刊,2025,40(4):691-705.

新型举国体制推进AI企业创新生态系统跨越发展：机理、问题与策略

New system for mobilizing resources nationwide to promote leapfrog development of innovation ecosystem of artificial intelligence enterprises: Mechanisms, problems and strategies

梅阳¹
香港中文大学(深圳) 前海国际事务研究院 深圳 518172
MEI Yang¹
The Institute for International Affairs, Qianhai, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
牛昊^2*
国防科技大学 军政基础教育学院 长沙 410073
NIU Hao^2*
Basic Education College, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
姜涵³
广州粤港澳大湾区研究院 广州 510700
JIANG Han³
The Guangzhou Institute of the Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510700, China

         新型举国体制;人工智能;企业创新生态系统

        a new system for mobilizing the resources nationwide;artificial intelligence;corporate innovation ecosystems

        面对人工智能技术创新自上而下涌现不可预测的新特征及对政府职能的新要求，文章提出以“新型举国体制”为视角、以企业创新生态系统为载体重新审视人工智能企业层面的技术创新。在阐释企业层面新型举国体制的要素构成与运行逻辑基础上，对比美国的“内隐式举国体制”，对中美两国的人工智能新型举国体制进行初步对比。提出新型举国体制以国家战略需求为导向、国家战略资源为支持、国家产业政策为抓手、国家耐心资本为催化、创新制度供给为保障、国家安全保护为护航，推进企业创新生态系统得以持续自循环迭代和跨越发展，指出新型举国体制推进中国人工智能企业创新生态系统跨越发展的矛盾问题，并提出相应发展策略。

        Facing the unpredictable new features of top-down AI technological innovation and the new requirements on functions, this study proposes to re-examine the technological innovation of AI at the enterprise level from the perspective of the “a new system for mobilizing the resources nationwide” and with the enterprise innovation ecosystem as the carrier. On the basis of explaining the elements and operation logic of the new system at the enterprise level, compared to the “implicit national system” of the US, this study preliminarily compares the new system of AI in China and that in the US. It is proposed that the new system is guided by national strategic demand, supported by national strategic resources, gripped by national industrial policy, catalyzed by national patient capital, guaranteed by innovation system supply, and escorted by national security protection, so as to push forward the innovation ecosystem of the enterprise to be self-cyclic iterative and transcendent. Finally, the study points out the contradictions of the new system to promote the leapfrog development of the innovation ecosystem of Chinese AI enterprises and puts forward the corresponding development strategies.