卢艳,桂林翠.人工智能技术对我国就业及收入的影响分析[J].中国科学院院刊,2025,40(4):642-651.

人工智能技术对我国就业及收入的影响分析

Impact analysis of artificial intelligence technology on employment and income in China

卢艳^1*
广州粤港澳大湾区研究院 广州 510710
LU Yan^1*
The Guangzhou Institute of the Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510710, China
桂林翠²
中国人口与发展研究中心 北京 100081
GUI Lincui²
China Population and Development Research Center, Beijing 100081, China

         人工智能;就业;收入分配

        artificial intelligence;employment;income distribution

        随着人工智能（AI）技术不断发展，我国的就业和收入将发生一些新的变化。探寻人工智能技术对我国就业和收入的影响具有重要意义。研究发现：在劳动力就业方面，人工智能技术的影响包括重新定义就业数量和性质、影响工作模式和工作技能并可能引发劳动力市场供需结构性失衡，导致就业不平等、就业风险提高等。在收入分配方面，人工智能技术对不同领域、行业、职业的初次分配影响具有异质性，有助于提升生产效率，同时也极可能造成收入差距扩大，加剧收入不平等。人工智能技术可能导致：弱势群体就业难度上升，劳动者的劳动权益保障、社会保障不足，劳动力供给错配引发结构性失业；劳动者收入分化加快、收入差距扩大，社会收入不平等程度加剧等。对此，文章提出了相应的政策建议：加大教育和培训力度，提高劳动者的就业竞争力；鼓励和引导人工智能技术的就业创造效应，优化劳动力市场资源配置效率；完善社会保障制度；优化初次分配制度，加大再分配制度力度，构建更加公平合理的收入分配体系。

        With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, employment and income in China will undergo some new changes. It is necessary to explore the impact of artificial intelligence technology on employment and income distribution. The study finds that in terms of employment, the impact of artificial intelligence includes redefining the number and nature of jobs, affecting work patterns and work skills, and possibly triggering structural imbalances between supply and demand in the labor market, leading to employment inequality, increasing employment risks. In term of income distribution, artificial intelligence technology has a heterogeneous impact on the initial distribution of different fields, industries, and occupations, which can help improve production efficiency and at the same time is likely to result in a widening of the income gap and aggravate income inequality. Artificial intelligence technology may lead to increasing employment difficulties for vulnerable groups, insufficient protection of labor rights and social security for workers, structural unemployment caused by mismatched labor supply, accelerated income differentiation of workers, widening income gaps, and aggravated social income inequality. In this regard, the study puts forward corresponding policy recommendations: increase education and training efforts to improve the competitiveness of workers; encourage and guide the employment creation effect of artificial intelligence technology and optimize the efficiency of resource allocation in the labor market; improve the social security system; optimize the primary distribution system, increase the intensity of the redistribution system, and build a more fair and reasonable income distribution system.