郑永年.人工智能时代的社会秩序[J].中国科学院院刊,2025,40(4):633-641.

人工智能时代的社会秩序

Social order in age of artificial intelligence

郑永年
香港中文大学(深圳) 前海国际事务研究院 深圳 518172
ZHENG Yongnian
The Institute for International Affairs, Qianhai, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China

         人工智能;"人工智残";技术结构;治理结构;社会秩序;牧羊社会

        artificial intelligence;artificial ignorance;technological structure;governance structure;social order;shepherding society

        人工智能对人类带来的挑战之一是其“去智化”功能正在产生“人工智残”现象，即由于滥用人工智能相关工具，导致人类自我智力伤害，从而对社会秩序产生深刻影响。“人工智残”现象的产生源于人工智能的2种结构性因素——技术结构特性和治理结构特征。技术结构特性表现为技术能力高度集中、管控高度集权、商用者高度垄断、使用者高度分散。治理结构特征则表现为高度等级化，形成一种“牧民社会”的治理结构，即人工智能自身快速发展，加速人类自我愚昧的进程，摧毁现行人类生活体制，从而逐渐扮演“牧羊犬”的角色。为改变这种趋势，政府应发挥核心作用，通过确立和强化政府的责任、网络平台责任、加强网络监测与情报收集、重塑教育与人类理性等方式，塑造人工智能时代的社会秩序。

        While the rapid development of artificial intelligence is empowering society, it is also posing serious threats to the continuation of the traditional social order. The “de-intellectualization” function of AI has given rise to the phenomenon of “artificial ignorance”, referring to the self-inflicted intellectual harm caused by the uncontrolled and excessive misuse of AI-related tools, thus causing a profound impact on the social order. The technical structural characteristics and governance structural characteristics of AI contributed to the emergence of the phenomenon of “artificial ignorance”. The technical structural characteristics of AI can be summarized as highly concentrated capabilities, highly centralized control, highly monopolized commercial users, and highly diffused users. The governance structure of artificial intelligence is characterized by a high degree of hierarchization, which is specifically manifested in the gradual formation of the governance structure of “pastoral society”. In other words, AI’s quick growth accelerates the process of human self-ignorance and rapidly destroys the existing human life system, thus gradually takes on the role of a “sheepdog”. To reverse the trend, governments must take the lead in forming the social order in the era of artificial intelligence by establishing and enhancing governmental accountability, defining and strengthening online platform accountability, bolstering cybermonitoring and intelligence collection, and reshaping education and human rationality.