陈国强,吴赴清,郑爽,丁军,盛君婷.我国生物制造底盘菌种现状、问题及对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2025,40(1):2-13.

我国生物制造底盘菌种现状、问题及对策

Current status and applications of microbial chassis strains for Chinese biomanufacturing industry

陈国强^1,2,3*
清华大学 生命科学学院 北京 100084;清华大学 化学工程系 北京 100084;清华大学 合成与系统生物学中心 北京 100084
CHEN Guo-Qiang^1,2,3*
School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
吴赴清^1,3
清华大学 生命科学学院 北京 100084;清华大学 合成与系统生物学中心 北京 100084
WU Fuqing^1,3
School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
郑爽¹
清华大学 生命科学学院 北京 100084
ZHENG Shuang¹
School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
丁军¹
清华大学 生命科学学院 北京 100084
DING Jun¹
School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
盛君婷¹
清华大学 生命科学学院 北京 100084
SHENG Junting¹
School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

         底盘菌种;生物制造;合成生物;新质生产力;极端微生物

        microbial chassis;biomanufacturing;synthetic biology;new quality productive forces;extremophiles

        生物制造是新质生产力的重要组成部分，是继信息技术之后新一轮科技革命的制高点和产业变革的新引擎，在新能源、新材料、生物医药、绿色食品、环境保护等领域展现出巨大的应用前景。生物制造以底盘菌种为“芯片”，通过菌种设计构建、细胞规模化培养、产物分离提取等过程，生产各种生物产品。我国生物制造底盘菌种原始创新不足，无法支撑产业健康发展。文章总结了国内外常见底盘菌种类型和新型底盘菌种开发现状，分析了我国底盘菌种开发面临的主要问题和挑战，并针对新型极端微生物底盘菌种开发，从顶层设计、“十五五”布局、平台建设、政策制度、人才培养、审批机制、司法保护、评价体系等方面提出了推进我国自主知识产权底盘菌种开发的若干建议。

        Biomanufacturing is an important component of new quality productive forces, representing the commanding height of the new round of technological revolution and serving as a new engine for industrial transformation following information technology. It demonstrates vast application prospects in fields such as renewable energy, advanced materials, biomedicine, green food, and environmental protection. Biomanufacturing utilizes chassis microorganisms similar as “microchip” to produce various bioproducts via processes including chassis design and construction, large-scale cell cultivation, and product purifications. Most chassis microorganisms in biomanufacturing were not domestically identified. This study summarizes the types of common chassis microorganisms both domestically and internationally, as well as the current status of novel chassis microorganism development. It analyzes the primary issues and challenges faced by China in the development of chassis microorganisms. Furthermore, it focuses on the development of novel extremophilic microorganisms as novel chassis. We propose several points to promote the development of chassis microorganisms with independent IP in China, encompassing top-down designs for the 15th Five-Year Plan layout, platform construction, policy and regulatory frameworks, talent cultivation, regulatory mechanisms, legal protection, and evaluation systems.