刘少山,甘一鸣,韩银和.机器人计算发展研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2024,39(11):1956-1965.

机器人计算发展研究

Overview on autonomous machine computing

刘少山¹
深圳人工智能与机器人研究院 深圳 518129
LIU Shaoshan¹
Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen 518129, China
甘一鸣²
中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190
GAN Yiming²
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
韩银和^2*
中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190
HAN Yinhe^2*
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

         机器人计算;人工智能;先进半导体

        autonomous machine computing;artificial intelligence;advanced semiconductors

        机器人计算结合了算法、软件与先进的计算硬件平台，正逐渐成为继个人计算、移动计算、云计算之后又一个有潜力改变全球经济的关键计算范式。文章从机器人产业研究出发，探讨构建一个全面的机器人计算生态系统的重要性，并论述从端到端发展机器人计算的必要性；通过与人工智能领域作比较，强调机器人计算需要从应用软件、编程语言到底层硬件结构的全链条闭环，并在各个层面展示了相关研究现状与成果；探讨机器人计算与先进半导体技术的结合，指出半导体技术的进步将极大扩展机器人的功能边界，尤其在传感、计算和通信方面。未来，机器人计算将深入渗透智能家居、医疗保健、农业等社会各领域，成为创新的核心动力，催生新的商业机遇，对全球经济产生显著影响，提升人们的生活品质。因此，尽快定义并推广机器人计算架构是确保我国主导未来10年机器人产业重大突破与发展的关键。

        Autonomous machine computing, an innovative blend of algorithms, software, and cutting-edge computing hardware, is poised to be the next major paradigm shift in the global economy, following personal, mobile, and cloud computing. This study delves into the research and commercialization of the robotics industry, underscoring the critical importance of establishing a comprehensive autonomous machine computing ecosystem. This study argues that autonomous machine computing necessitates a complete ecosystem that encompasses applications, programming languages, and the foundational hardware architectures, and presents a comprehensive review of significant research contributions across these areas. Moreover, the study explores the synergy between autonomous machine computing and advancements in semiconductor technology, highlighting how such technological strides will significantly broaden the capabilities of robots, particularly in terms of sensing, computing, and communication. Looking ahead, the authors predict that within the next decade, autonomous machine computing will deeply integrate into all societal sectors, profoundly influencing the global economy. From enhancing smart homes to revolutionizing healthcare, agriculture, and beyond, robotics computing is set to be the linchpin of innovation, opening up unprecedented business opportunities while substantially elevating the quality of life. Consequently, promptly defining and advancing the architecture of autonomous machine computing is crucial for positioning our nation at the forefront of the global robotics industry’s major breakthroughs and developments over the coming decade.