李玲丽,杨华,谢黎.国外女性STEM教育政策及实践进展研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2024,39(7):1253-1263.

国外女性STEM教育政策及实践进展研究

Policy and practice progress of STEM education for women abroad

李玲丽¹
杭州图书馆 杭州 310016
LI Lingli¹
Hangzhou Public Library, Hangzhou 310016, China
杨华²
西北工业大学 图书馆 西安 710072
YANG Hua²
Northwestern Polytechnical University Library, Xi'an 710072, China
谢黎^3,4*
中国科学院成都文献情报中心 成都 610299;中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院信息资源管理系 北京 100190
XIE Li^3,4*
National Science Library (Chengdu), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China;Department of Information Resources Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

         科学;技术;工程;数学（STEM）教育;女性STEM教育;女性政策;性别平等

        science;technology;engineering;and math (STEM) education;women’s STEM education;women’s policies;gender equality

        为缩小科学、技术、工程、数学 （STEM） 领域的性别差距，各国制定相应政策措施，文章总结了国外女性STEM教育政策文件、规划、项目，从政策制定主体、政策要素、政策实施与评估3个方面展开文本内容分析。研究显示，政策制定主体可分为三大类，其关注点各有侧重；政策要素上除教育阶段的女性STEM教育受到重视外，对社会规范和定型观念、职业发展、政策制定过程、创新与创业等内容的关注度有提高；政策实施与评估方面，强调落实责任主体及跨部门合作，重视收集性别数据并以循证思路完善政策。同时，研究总结实施案例类型，将国外提升女性STEM教育、促进女性参与STEM领域的项目举措分为五大类具体阐述，即工具方法类、资源倾斜类、培训交流类、平台宣传类、社会意识类。为更好促进国内女性STEM教育发展，文章从政策规划、科学循证、项目开发、女性赋权4个方面概括启示，并提出政策建议。

        In order to narrow the gender gap in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) field, many countries have formulated relevant policy measures. This study summaries policy documents, plans and projects of women’s STEM education in different countries, and conducts text content analysis from three aspects, i. e., policy makers, policy elements, and policy implementation and evaluation. Results show that there are three types of policy makers, and each has their own focus. In terms of policy elements, it emphasizes that STEM education for female students in the education stage, as well as the attention to content such as social norms and stereotypes, career development, policy formulation process, and innovation and entrepreneurship has increased. In terms of policy implementation and evaluation, it emphasizes that the implementation of responsible entities and cross departmental cooperation, and focuses on collecting gender data and improving policies with an evidence-based approach. At the same time, this study summarizes the types of implementation cases, and elaborates the foreign projects and measures to improve female STEM education and promote women’s participation in STEM fields into five categories, namely, tools and methods, resource orientation, training and communication, platform promotion, and social awareness. To better promote the development of STEM education for women in China, this study summarizes the inspiration and proposes policy suggestions from four aspects, i. e., policy planning, scientific evidence based, project development, and female empowerment.