顾超.科技政治学的范式建构刍议：以科技与政治之间双向关系为纲领[J].中国科学院院刊,2024,(3):550-562.

科技政治学的范式建构刍议：以科技与政治之间双向关系为纲领

Discussion on paradigm construction of political studies of science and technology: Taking two-way relationship between science & technology and politics as research program

顾超
北京大学 政府管理学院中国政治学研究中心 北京 100871
GU Chao
Research Center for Chinese Politics, School of Government, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

         科技政治学;范式;双向关系

        political studies of science and technology;paradigm;two-way relationship

        在现代社会，科技不仅深刻地改变了人们的生产生活方式，也产生了重大的政治效应。科技政治学系统地研究与科技相关的政治现象，探讨科技和政治的相互关系，揭示科技活动中政治现象的本质和规律性。虽然国内外已有大量以科技政治学为主题的研究，但大多分散在科学学、科技政策、科学哲学、科学知识社会学等不同的学科领域中，尚未形成一个成熟的学术共同体和一种得到公认且不可通约的学科范式。为了建构科技政治学的范式，本文提出科技政治学应明确以政治学为本位的研究方法，建立科技与政治之间“双向关系”的研究纲领，在议题设置方面努力开辟对科技史的政治学研究、深化对科学与权力关系的政治哲学研究、拓展科技政治学的经验研究、建立科技政治学的自主知识体系。

        In contemporary society, scientific and technological advancements have not only profoundly transformed people’s modes of production and daily life but have also engendered significant political implications. Political studies of science and technology systematically examines political phenomena associated with science and technology, exploring the interrelation between science & technology and politics, and unveiling the essence and law of political phenomena in scientific and technological activities. Although numerous studies on the political aspects of science & technology have been conducted worldwide, they are largely scattered across diverse academic disciplines such as science studies, science and technology policy, philosophy of science, and sociology of scientific knowledge. Consequently, a mature academic community and a universally recognized and distinct paradigm are yet to be established. This study proposes that the discipline of political studies of science and technology should explicitly adopt a political science research approach. Efforts should be made to establish a research agenda focusing on the “two-way relationship” between science & technology and politics. The agenda should include the political analysis of the history of science, deepen the political philosophical study of the relationship between science and power, extend empirical studies in political studies of science and technology, and establish a Chinese independent knowledge system in political studies of science and technology.