董璐,李宜展,李云龙,王学昭,李泽霞.美国能源部重大科技基础设施对我国开放服务趋势研究及启示[J].中国科学院院刊,2024,(3):459-471.

美国能源部重大科技基础设施对我国开放服务趋势研究及启示

Analysis and enlightenment on China’s use of major research infrastructure of U.S. Department of Energy

董璐^1，2
中国科学院文献情报中心 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院信息资源管理系 北京 101407
DONG Lu^1，2
National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;Department of Information Resources Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
李宜展^1，2
中国科学院文献情报中心 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院信息资源管理系 北京 101407
LI Yizhan^1，2
National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;Department of Information Resources Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
李云龙³
中国科学院 前沿科学与教育局 北京 100864
LI Yunlong³
Bureau of Frontier Sciences and Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
王学昭^1，2
中国科学院文献情报中心 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院信息资源管理系 北京 101407
WANG Xuezhao^1，2
National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;Department of Information Resources Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
李泽霞^1，2*
中国科学院文献情报中心 北京 100190;1 中国科学院文献情报中心 北京 100190
LI Zexia^1，2*
National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;1 National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

         美国能源部;重大科技基础设施;开放服务;布局建设

        U.S. Department of Energy;major research infrastructures;open services;layout & construction

        重大科技基础设施（以下简称“重大设施”）是大科学时代创新的关键，是体现一个国家科技创新能力和综合国力的重要标志。为抢占科技制高点，世界主要发达国家在积极发展和优化重大设施布局的同时，大力推进重大设施开放共享以实现科技资源的高效配置和利用，将其科技基础条件优势转化为创新发展优势。美国能源部目前管理28个向全球科研用户开放的国家重大设施。文章通过梳理美国能源部重大设施开放共享现状，深入剖析2015—2022年我国对美国能源部重大设施的使用需求、成效和困境，以期为我国重大科技基础设施的开放共享及布局建设提供参考借鉴。

        Major research infrastructures (referred to as “major infrastructures”) are the key to innovation in the era of big science, and is an important symbol of a country’s scientific and technological innovation capability and comprehensive national power. In order to seize the commanding point of scientific and technological innovation, the major developed countries have been actively developing and optimizing the layout of major infrastructures, while vigorously promoting the opening and sharing of major infrastructures to achieve the efficient allocation and utilization of scientific and technological resources, transforming their advantages in scientific and technological infrastructures into advantages in innovation and development. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) currently manages 28 major infrastructures that are open to global research users. This study analyzes the current open sharing situation of major infrastructures of the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), and analyzes in-depth the demand, effectiveness, and difficulties of China’s use of major infrastructures of DOE from 2015 to 2022, to provide reference for the open sharing and layout construction of major infrastructure in China.