黄从利,周非特,徐祥,张玲玲.加强应用支撑型重大科技基础设施建设，增强我国高质量发展的科技基础能力[J].中国科学院院刊,2024,(3):423-435.

加强应用支撑型重大科技基础设施建设，增强我国高质量发展的科技基础能力

Strengthen establishment of application-supported major science and technology infrastructure to enhance basic capacity of science and technology for high-quality development

黄从利^1，2
中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院 北京 100190;中国科学院工程热物理研究所 北京 100190
HUANG Congli^1，2
School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
周非特¹
中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院 北京 100190
ZHOU Feite¹
School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
徐祥²
中国科学院工程热物理研究所 北京 100190
XU Xiang²
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
张玲玲^1，3，4*
中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院 北京 100190;中国科学院大数据挖掘与知识管理重点实验室 北京 100190;1 中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院 北京 100190
ZHANG Lingling^1，3，4*
School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;1 School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

         应用支撑型;重大科技基础设施;高质量发展;高效低碳燃气轮机试验装置

        application-supported major infrastructure;major scientific and technological infrastructure;high-quality development;high-efficiency and low-carbon gas turbine research facility

        从“两弹一星”到“中国天眼”，从一无所有到世界领先，我国坚定不移地走特色自主创新道路。重大科技基础设施历经近半个世纪的发展，多个重点领域取得新的突破，新形势下重大科技基础设施的定位、含义和分类也在不断变化。在深入调研高效低碳燃气轮机试验装置等重大科技基础设施的基础上，文章认为我国应用支撑型重大科技基础设施的建设还面临着用户群体相对缺乏、科技成果转化欠落实等挑战与问题。针对我国新一轮科技革命和产业变革带来的重大机遇、实现科技自立自强和高质量发展的迫切需求，提出优化项目立项、建设、验收等管理制度，增强对应用支撑型重大科技基础设施的运行、管理和评估，加大对技术成果转移转化和产业化的支持3条对策与建议，希望能为应用支撑型重大科技基础设施的未来规划、管理机制完善和发展政策制定提供参考和依据。

        From “Two Bombs and One Satellite” to Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), from ground zero to the center stage of the world, China has unswervingly followed the path of independent innovation with distinctive characteristics. After the development of nearly half a century, breakthroughs have been made in several key areas. The position, implication, and classification of major scientific and technological infrastructures are constantly changing under the new situation. Based on an in-depth investigation of major scientific and technological infrastructure such as high-efficiency and low-carbon gas turbine research facility, it is believed that the construction of application-supported major scientific and technological infrastructure in China still faces challenges and problems, such as the relative lack of user groups and the under-implementation of scientific and technological achievements. In view of the major opportunities brought by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation in China with the urgent need to achieve sci-tech self-reliance, self-strengthening, and high-quality development, three countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to optimize the management system of project establishment, construction, and acceptance, strengthen the operation management and evaluation of application-supported major scientific and technological infrastructure, and increase the support for the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. This study provides a reference and basis for future infrastructure planning, management mechanism improvement, and policy development.