高树琴,胡兆民,王竑晟,张晓博,张玉成.智慧农业助力粮食生产节本增产增效的“九步法”[J].中国科学院院刊,2024,39(1):198-209.
智慧农业助力粮食生产节本增产增效的“九步法”
Nine-Step Approach of smart agricultural helps grain production reduce costs, increase yield and efficiency
智慧农业助力粮食生产节本增产增效的“九步法”
Nine-Step Approach of smart agricultural helps grain production reduce costs, increase yield and efficiency
作者
高树琴1
中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190
GAO Shuqin1
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
胡兆民2
呼伦贝尔农垦集团 呼伦贝尔 021008
HU Zhaomin2
Hulun Buir State Farm, Hulun Buir 021008, China
王竑晟3
中国科学院科技促进发展局 北京 100864
WANG Hongsheng3
Bureau of Science and Technology for Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
张晓博4
北京国科伏羲科技有限公司 北京 100080
ZHANG Xiaobo4
Beijing Guoke Fuxi Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
张玉成1*
中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190
ZHANG Yucheng1*
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190
GAO Shuqin1
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
胡兆民2
呼伦贝尔农垦集团 呼伦贝尔 021008
HU Zhaomin2
Hulun Buir State Farm, Hulun Buir 021008, China
王竑晟3
中国科学院科技促进发展局 北京 100864
WANG Hongsheng3
Bureau of Science and Technology for Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
张晓博4
北京国科伏羲科技有限公司 北京 100080
ZHANG Xiaobo4
Beijing Guoke Fuxi Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
张玉成1*
中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190
ZHANG Yucheng1*
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
中文关键词
粮食安全;智慧农业;农业大数据;“九步法”
英文关键词
food security;smart agriculture;big data in agricultural;Nine-Step Approach
中文摘要
粮食安全是治国理政的头等大事。新中国成立以来,高标准农田建设、农业机械化发展、农业技术提升等均为粮食增产增效作出了贡献。在当前严守18亿亩耕地红线的局势下,大水大肥等依靠农用物资投入提升粮食产量的增长效应已进入平台期,持续增产的空间有限。在信息化、智能化、物联网、大数据和人工智能等新技术快速发展的背景下,将数字经济与农业传统产业融合,发展智慧农业,将是我国粮食增产增效的新增长点。围绕粮食生产的产前、产中、产后3个阶段,针对从整地到粮食入库的全过程,文章提出了智慧农业的“九步法”,即“两精”“三变”“三减”“一用”,并分别阐述了每个环节的内涵、存在的技术瓶颈和对粮食生产节本增效的作用。最后,针对我国智慧农业发展,就大数据的获取、标准化、应用和安全提出了建议。
英文摘要
Food security is a top priority in national governance. Since 1949, high-standard farmland construction, agricultural mechanization development, and agricultural technology promotion have all contributed to the grain production. To ensure grain security, China has drawn a “red line” of 1.8 billion mu (about 120 million hectares) as the official minimum of arable land. At the same time, increasing the investment of capital goods such as fertilizer and pesticides can no longer produce more food. Due to the extensive farming method in the past, the continuous increase in total grain output becomes difficult in the future. With the rapid development of advanced technologies such as informatization, intelligence, Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence, fine management of agricultural production can be achieved. Through the integration of digital economy and traditional agricultural industries, developing smart agriculture will provide possibilities for increasing food production. Focusing on the three stages of grain production (including pre-, during- and after-production), this study puts forward the Nine-Step Approach of smart agriculture, namely two refinements, three changes, three reductions, and one use. For each step, the connotation, the existing technical bottleneck, and the potential of future improvement are discussed. In addition, suggestions for further development of smart agriculture are made from four perspectives, namely, data collection, data standardization, data applications, and data security.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20230811003