廖晓勇*,侯艺璇,李尤,王天翼.我国大型复杂污染场地治理修复的挑战与对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2023,38(12):1874-1882.

我国大型复杂污染场地治理修复的挑战与对策

Challenges and countermeasures for treatment and remediation of contaminated mega-sites in China

廖晓勇*
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101
LIAO Xiaoyong*
CAS Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
侯艺璇
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101
HOU Yixuan
CAS Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
李尤
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101
LI You
CAS Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
王天翼
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101
WANG Tianyi
CAS Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

         大型复杂污染场地;土壤污染;环境修复;形成机制;决策

        contaminated mega-site;soil pollution;environmental remediation;formation mechanism;decision-making

        大型复杂污染场地的污染治理修复是国内外环境领域面临的重大难题。大型复杂污染场地具有影响范围广、污染物种类多、生态环境威胁大等特征，这类场地污染物的环境行为认知和高效治理修复都面临巨大挑战，其中土壤和地下水污染的形成机制、污染源的精准识别、智能决策优化等关键科技问题亟待解决。我国大型复杂污染场地在京津冀、长江经济带、珠江三角洲等经济发达地区呈集群式分布，涉及化学品制造业、石油等燃料加工业、黑色金属冶炼等行业。基于我国国情，文章提出了大型复杂污染场地修复治理的关键“三步曲”（TSRTCM），从调查评估与科学认知、方案决策与技术筛选、工程实施与监测评价3方面着力破解修复治理难题。大型复杂污染场地环境修复能有力支撑污染防治攻坚战，有助于区域经济社会绿色发展。

        The treatment and remediation of pollution at contaminated mega-sites poses a significant challenge in the environmental science both domestically and internationally. Contaminated mega-sites are characterized by their widespread impact, multiple types of pollutants, and significant ecological and environmental threats. The environmental behavior cognition and efficient remediation at contaminated mega-sites face enormous challenges, among which key technological issues such as the formation mechanism of soil and groundwater pollution, accurate identification of pollution sources, and intelligent decision-making optimization urgently need to be solved. In China, contaminated mega-sites are concentrated in economically developed regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the Pearl River Delta, and involve industries like chemical manufacturing, oil and other fuel processing industries, and ferrous metal smelting. Taking into account the national context, this study proposes a three step model for the remediation and treatment of contaminated mega-sites (TSRTCM), focusing on addressing the problems from three steps: investigation and scientific cognition, decision-making and screening techniques, and engineering implementation and monitoring evaluation. The environmental remediation of contaminated mega-sites can effectively support the battle against pollution prevention and contribute to the green development of regional economy and society.