郑永年,徐兰朦.企业如何通过开放实现技术进步[J].中国科学院院刊,2023,38(11):1675-1684.

企业如何通过开放实现技术进步

How enterprises achieve technological progress through openness?

郑永年¹
香港中文大学(深圳) 前海国际事务研究院 深圳 518172
ZHENG Yongnian¹
The Institute for International Affairs, Qianhai, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
徐兰朦^2*
香港中文大学(深圳) 人文社科学院 深圳 518172
XU Lanmeng^2*
School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China

         中等技术陷阱;劳动分工;开放的企业系统;技术进步

        middle-technology trap;labor division;open enterprise system;technological progress

        企业是国家经济活动的主体，将基础科研转化为应用技术，从而实现国家产业的技术升级。当前在众多关键技术领域，核心技术仍由发达国家企业掌握，中国企业在实现前沿技术创新创造方面面临严峻挑战。为避免陷入中等技术陷阱，中国应学习西方企业的成功经验，即通过技术、制度、人才的开放，以及全球层面的专业化劳动分工，实现技术进步。文章通过中西方企业制度对比及产业分析，为中国企业如何助力国家跨越“中等技术陷阱”提出建议：中国应向西方学习构建开放的企业系统。在企业保持开放的同时，配合政府的立法和公共政策干预，推动国家统筹建立全国统一大市场，以实现供应链、产业链层面的3个开放，即企业间的开放、国内区域间的开放和面向全球的开放。

        As the main body of a country’s economic activities, enterprises play an important role in transforming basic scientific research into applied technology to achieve technological upgrading of national industries. It is crucial to explore how Chinese enterprises can achieve rapid technological upgrading and industrial transformation in order to realize the transition from quantitative economic development to high-quality economic development. It is worth noting that in key technological fields such as chips, precision manufacturing, medical devices, and artificial intelligence, core technologies are still firmly controlled by enterprises in developed countries such as Europe, the United States, Japan, and South Korea. Currently, Chinese enterprises can only strive to make progress at the level of catch-up technology, and face severe challenges in realizing cutting-edge technological innovation. As the current external environment is deteriorating, Chinese enterprises are constrained at the middle-technology level, and have the possibility to fail into middle-technology trap. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the technological progress mechanism of western enterprises and learn from the successful experience of them. In general, Chinese enterprises should learn from the opening feature of western enterprises, as the openness at the technology, system, and talent levels, as well as the specialized division of labor at the global level achieved through openness, are important factors for western companies to achieve rapid technological progress. This study put forward some suggestions for Chinese enterprises on how to help the country avoid failing into middle-technology trap through the comparison of Chinese and western enterprise systems and the analysis of the new energy automobile industry and the Internet industry. First of all, China should learn from the West to build an open enterprise system. While enterprises themselves remain open, they should cooperate with government legislation and public policy intervention to promote the establishment of a unified national market, in order to achieve three levels of openness at the supply chain and industrial chain levels, namely, openness between enterprises, openness between domestic regions, and openness towards the world. Secondly, the government should accelerate the establishment of a national unified market through legislation, public policy intervention and other forms of intervention. Finally, China needs to achieve three levels of openness in the supply chain and industrial chain, including the openness among enterprises, openness among domestic regions, and openness to the world.