袁冉东.科技人口、隐性技术知识与中国应用技术系统[J].中国科学院院刊,2023,38(11):1645-1654.

科技人口、隐性技术知识与中国应用技术系统

Scientific and technological population, tacit technological knowledge and applied technological system in China

袁冉东
香港中文大学(深圳) 前海国际事务研究院 深圳 518172
YUAN Randong
The Institute for International Affairs, Qianhai, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China

         中等技术陷阱;应用技术;高质量发展;创新驱动;“三位一体”新模式;科学人口;科技人口;隐性技术知识

        middle-technology trap;applied technology;high-quality development;innovation-driven;three-pronged new development model;scientific population;scientific and technological population;tacit technical knowledge

        突破“中等技术陷阱”的条件之一是需要有一些企业或机构能够把基础研究转换成应用技术。应用技术的进步，以及应用技术系统所产生的发明创造和新的产品与服务，对提高生产力水平、改善人民生活品质和推动经济社会发展都具有不可替代的重要作用。与纯基础研究的情况不同，中国的应用技术在历史上曾经处于世界领先水平，直到18世纪欧洲发生工业革命才开始落后于西方。新中国成立以来，应用技术水平取得了巨大的进步。特别是改革开放以来的40余年里，中国的应用技术系统得到全方位的快速发展。但相对世界顶尖水平而言，中国应用技术系统还有很多有待提高的方面。文章认为，要进一步提升中国的应用技术水平，首先应该全面深刻地认识该系统的现状，然后找出其中需要解决的问题和补上的短板，并在此基础上提出改进方案与思路。改进应用技术系统本身是一个复杂的工程，受制于多种因素。文章从科技人口和隐性技术知识2个层面来检讨中国存在的短板并讨论如何改进。

        One of the conditions for breaking through the middle-technology trap is that there are some companies or institutions that could transform basic research into applied technologies. The progress of applied technology, as well as the inventions and new products and services produced by the applied technology system, play an important role in increasing productivity, improving quality of life, and promoting social and economic development. Different from the situation in basic scientific research, China’s applied technology used to be among the most advanced in the world in history. It was not until the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century that it began to lag behind the West. Since the founding of the PRC, China’s applied technology has made tremendous progress. Especially in the four decades since the reform and opening up, China’s applied technology system has developed rapidly. But compared with the most advanced level in the world, China’s applied technology system still has many aspects that need to be improved. This study argues that in order to further improve China’s applied technology, we should first have a deep understanding of the current situation of the system, then identify the problems and shortcomings that need to be resolved, and on this basis, propose improvement plans. Improving the applied technology system is a complex undertaking, subject to many factors. This study examines the shortcomings of China’s applied technology system and discusses how to improve them from the perspectives of scientific and technological population and tacit technological knowledge.