贺志雄,胡兆民,王竑晟,焦金真,韩雪峰,刘勇,汤少勋,周传社,王敏,谭支良.持续推进反刍家畜全生命周期营养工程的创新与发展[J].中国科学院院刊,2023,38(7):1067-1076.

持续推进反刍家畜全生命周期营养工程的创新与发展

Devoting continuous efforts to innovations and development of ruminant livestock life-cycle nutrition program

贺志雄^1,2
中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室 长沙 410125;中国科学院大学 现代农业科学学院 北京 100049
HE Zhixiong^1,2
CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
胡兆民³
呼伦贝尔农垦集团 海拉尔 021008
HU Zhaomin³
Hulun Buir State Farm, Hailar 021008, China
王竑晟⁴
中国科学院 科技促进发展局 北京 100864
WANG Hongsheng⁴
Bureau of Science and Technology for Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
焦金真¹
中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室 长沙 410125
JIAO Jinzhen¹
CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
韩雪峰¹
中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室 长沙 410125
HAN Xuefeng¹
CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
刘勇¹
中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室 长沙 410125
LIU Yong¹
CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
汤少勋¹
中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室 长沙 410125
TANG Shaoxun¹
CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
周传社^1,2
中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室 长沙 410125;中国科学院大学 现代农业科学学院 北京 100049
ZHOU Chuanshe^1,2
CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
王敏^1,2
中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室 长沙 410125;中国科学院大学 现代农业科学学院 北京 100049
WANG Min^1,2
CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
谭支良^1,2*
中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室 长沙 410125;中国科学院大学 现代农业科学学院 北京 100049
TAN Zhiliang^1,2*
CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

         全生命周期营养;反刍家畜;日粮配制;大食物观

        whole life cycle nutrition;ruminant livestock;ration formulation;“Greater Food” approach

        牛、羊等反刍家畜可为人们提供优质牛羊肉和奶类，是可满足人民群众日益多元化食物消费需求的优质蛋白来源，发展高质量草食畜牧业是践行“大食物观”的具体措施。而基于全生命周期营养需求特征的饲草、饲料协同供给是实现反刍家畜产业节本增效、走高质量发展道路的关键要素。全生命周期营养工程是在吸收传统反刍家畜营养与日粮配制技术原理，以及对生命和健康认识取得新突破基础上发展起来的，其精髓在于依据系统整体营养调控理论，以动物全生命周期营养的短期和长期效应理论为基础，对日粮配制方案进行优化，并结合大数据、智能技术等而构建的精准营养理论和工程体系。与传统日粮优化配制技术相比，它具有明显的科学性、系统性和先进性。文章在简述反刍家畜全生命周期营养理论内涵及其意义的基础上，提出了我国反刍家畜全生命周期营养工程体系发展中存在的关键科技问题；对目前团队在反刍家畜特定阶段营养调控理论、日粮配制，以及生命早期营养对后代的长期影响基础研究等方面的实践探索做了概述。并以呼伦贝尔农垦现代生态草原羊产业发展为例，从全生命周期划分、全日粮配方原则、全产业链发展等方面提出了建设反刍家畜全生命周期营养工程、促进反刍家畜产业高质量发展的思考。

        Ruminant livestock such as cattle and sheep can provide high-quality beef, mutton and milk, which are high-quality protein sources meeting the increasingly diverse food consumption needs for human being. Developing high-quality herbivorous animal husbandry is a concrete practice of practicing the “Greater Food” approach. The precise supply of forages and concentrates meeting the requirements of all nutrients in the whole life cycle is vital for cost saving and efficiency increasing of ruminant livestock industry, which is an important way to high-quality development. The whole life cycle nutrition is developed on the basis of traditional ruminant nutrition and new technologies made breakthroughs in understanding life and health. Its essence lies in optimizing the ration formulation based on the theory of systematic nutrition regulation and the theory of short-term and long-term effects of early life nutrition, with a final goal to establish precision nutrition system in combination with technologies in big data and artificial intelligence. Compared with the traditional technology in ration formulation, it is obviously scientific, systematic, and progressive. In this study, the concept, significance, and goals of whole life cycle nutrition in ruminants are briefly introduced. This paper elaborates the key scientific issues and technological problems in the development of whole life cycle nutrition system of ruminant livestock in China, and summarizes the research progress on nutrition regulation, diet formulation, and fundamental research on the long-term impact of early life nutrition in ruminants. Finally, taking the development of modern grassland sheep industry in Hulun Buir State Farm Conglomerate as an example, the concept of building whole life cycle nutrition and promoting high-quality development of ruminant livestock industry is discussed from the aspects of whole life cycle division, whole diet formula, and whole industry chain.