郑崇伟,李崇银.海上风能等级区划研究：瓶颈与对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2023,38(4):654-665.

海上风能等级区划研究：瓶颈与对策

Research on Offshore Wind Energy Classification: Bottlenecks and Countermeasures

郑崇伟^1,2
海军大连舰艇学院 大连 116018;中国科学院大气物理研究所 大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室 北京 100029
ZHENG Chongwei^1,2
Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China;State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
李崇银^2*
中国科学院大气物理研究所 大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室 北京 100029
LI Chongyin^2*
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

         双碳;海上风能;风能等级区划;宏观战略布局;微观精准选址

        carbon peak and carbon neutrality;offshore wind energy;energy classification;overall strategic layout;accurate site selection

        海上风能等新能源是实现碳达峰、碳中和（以下简称“双碳”）目标的重要支撑，其资源合理等级区划是资源布局和选址的关键依据。文章首先梳理国内外海上风能等级区划的研究进展，剖析传统区划方案需要改进的6个方面：未能兼顾环境风险和成本效益，资源等级的区域差异不显著，难以满足多样化开发需求，在部分月份不适用，对未来风能等级预估不足，区划结果与机理不符。针对上述问题，采用气候统计方法，提出全要素、全时节、全海域、动态自适应的风能等级区划理念，以及绘制风能等级动态图谱的应对措施，以解决资源开发的宏观战略布局、微观精准选址、长期科学规划难题。期望本研究可以推动海上风能的产业化、规模化、自主化的高质量建设，助力我国“双碳”目标实质化、深层化。

        Offshore wind energy resource is a key support for the “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”. However, offshore wind energy development still faces the international bottleneck of reasonable energy classification, which is urgently needed in the overall arrangement and accurate site selection. Firstly, this study systematically reviewed the research progress of offshore wind energy classification scheme at home and abroad, and analyzed the six aspects that need to be improved in the traditional energy classification scheme: without comprehensive consideration of resource characteristics, environmental risks and cost-effectiveness, without significant regional difference of energy classification, unable to meet the needs of diversified tasks, not applicable in some months, insufficient estimation of future energy classification, inconsistent with the mechanism. To deal with the above difficulties, the concept of wind energy classification which is all-factor, all-time, all-sea, and dynamic and adaptive is proposed. And it is also necessary to draw a dynamic map of wind energy classification, to solve the problems of overall strategic layout, accurate site selection, and long-term scientific planning for resource development, to accelerate the industrialization, scale, and independent high-quality construction, thus to contribute to the “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”.