温珂,张宁宁,李振国,游玎怡.加快完善支持企业基础研究的政策体系[J].中国科学院院刊,2023,38(4):602-613.

加快完善支持企业基础研究的政策体系

Accelerating Efforts to Improve Policy System to Support Basic Research in Enterprises

温珂^1,2
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
WEN Ke^1,2
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
张宁宁^1,2
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
ZHANG Ningning^1,2
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
李振国¹
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
LI Zhenguo¹
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
游玎怡^1*
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
YOU Dingyi^1*
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

         企业;基础研究;制约因素;政策体系

        enterprise;basic research;constraints;policy system

        企业是科技创新主体，加强企业基础研究是实现高水平科技自立自强、提升国家创新体系整体效能的关键。但从实践看，我国企业基础研究仍面临投入比例偏低、新知识贡献度不足等问题。文章在概括分析我国企业基础研究特征和问题的基础上，通过“动力—能力”分析框架系统揭示当前我国企业基础研究面临的问题及制约因素，并从政策需求出发，为完善支持企业基础研究的政策体系提出对策建议。

        Enterprises are the principal players of scientific research and technology innovation. Increasing the participation of enterprises in basic research is of great significance for China to realize high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology and to improve the efficiency of national innovation system. However, there is still an obvious gap between the basic research capabilities of Chinese enterprises and those of the United States, Japan, or other developed countries. In this study, we firstly reviewed the characteristics and problems of Chinese enterprises' basic research, finding that expenditure on basic research in enterprises accounts for a relatively low proportion of that in the whole society. At the same time, even though the output of basic research produced by enterprises has increased, its contribution to knowledge creation still needs to be improved. Then, using an “incentive-ability” analysis framework, we revealed the constraints hindering Chinese enterprises to conduct basic research. It shows that incentive for firms to invest in basic research is insufficient. From the perspective of ability, the problem of talent restriction is prominent, industry-university-research cooperation in basic research is limited, and it is difficult for enterprises to use scientific research infrastructure. In the last part of this paper, we present the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions put forward in this study to improve the policy system to support the basic research in enterprises. These measures include: develop differentiated basic research guidance strategies for different industries; support enterprises in setting up laboratories and cultivating talents together with universities and institutions; improve the selection, organization, evaluation and decision-making mechanisms for major scientific and technological projects undertaken by enterprises; expand sharing of science and technology infrastructure and achievements; reform the government outsourcing system to encourage original investment by enterprises; and improve the intellectual property protection system.