邹才能,陈艳鹏,熊波,刘翰林.碳中和目标下中国新能源使命[J].中国科学院院刊,,():.

碳中和目标下中国新能源使命

Mission of New Energy under Carbon Neutrality Goal in China

邹才能 陈艳鹏 熊波 刘翰林

         碳达峰，碳中和，碳中和学，新能源，能源转型，能源独立，碳中和社会

        carbon peak, carbon neutrality, carbon neutralization theory, new energy, energy transition, energy independence, carbon neutral society

        减少温室气体排放、遏制全球气温上升，努力实现碳中和目标是人类面对气候变化危机的主动作为和共同追求。碳中和是涉及多学科多领域的庞大系统工程，实现碳中和目标需要坚实的理论基础和科学方法的指导，碳中和学应运而生。碳中和学的理论内涵包含两个“动态平衡”——全球碳排放与碳吸收之间的动态平衡、人类发展与自然环境之间的动态平衡；技术内涵包括人类生产生活引起的二氧化碳排放、捕集、利用、封存和移除的全过程及相关的技术体系。能源消费结构从以化石能源为主向以新能源为主的转型，世界能源生产与消费结构将由当前煤炭、石油、天然气和新能源的“四分天下”，向以新能源为主的“三小一大”新格局发生根本性转变；在此过程中，需构建煤炭、石油、天然气、新能源多种能源协同发展。中国能源生产与消费结构，也将从当前以煤炭能源为主的“一大三小”，向未来以新能源为主的“三小一大”格局发生革命性转变；新能源将主导我国能源生产与消费结构转型，最终将力争实现以新能源为主体的“能源独立”。但在能源发展中，始终把能源转型与能源安全放在同等重要位置。发展新能源是实现碳中和社会、建设绿色宜居地球的关键。碳中和下新能源是世界能源转型的方向、能源科技创新的前沿、能源强国建设的主力、绿色地球建设的动力，肩负能源转型、能源安全和“能源独立”的使命。当整个人类社会都被纳入碳中和体系，我们将获得并长久拥有一个绿色宜居地球。

        Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, curbing the global temperature rise, and striving to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality are the initiatives and common pursuit of human beings confronting the climate change crisis. Carbon neutrality is a huge systemic project involving multiple disciplines and fields, and it requires a solid theoretical foundation and scientific methods to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, hence the emergence of carbon neutrality science. The theoretical connotation of carbon neutrality includes two “dynamic balances”, namely, the dynamic balance between global carbon emission and carbon absorption, and the dynamic balance between human development and the natural environment, the technical connotation includes the whole process of CO₂ emission, capture, utilization, storage, and removal caused by human production and life, and the related technical system. Under the guidance of carbon neutralization theory, the core of the energy consumption structure needs to transform from fossil energy to new energy, and the world energy production and consumption structure will be transformed from fossil energy to new energy, and the world’s energy production and consumption structure will also fundamentally transform from the current “four pillars” including coal, oil, natural gas, and new energy to the new pattern of “three minors and one major” dominated by new energy. In this process, it is indispensable to build a synergistic development of coal, oil, natural gas and new energy. Meanwhile, China’s energy production and consumption structure will also undergo a revolutionary change from the current “one major and three minors” dominated by coal energy to the future “three minors and one major” pattern dominated by new energy, and eventually strive to achieve “energy independence”. However, in energy development, energy transition and energy security are considered to be on the same level of importance all along. Developing new energy is the key to achieve a sustainable carbon neutral society and building a long-term green and habitable earth. New energy under carbon neutrality is the direction of the world’s energy transformation, the frontier of energy scientific and technological innovation, the main force of the development of rejuvenate our country through energy power, and the motivationof the construction of a ecological planet. It shoulders the mission of energy transformation, energy security and “energy independence”. When the whole human society is incorporated into the carbon neutral system, we will have a long-term green and habitable earth.