李敏,张先恩,刘云.全球主要经济体企业科技创新版图分析及启示——中国企业加强基础研究是建设创新型国家的必然选择[J].中国科学院院刊,,():.
全球主要经济体企业科技创新版图分析及启示——中国企业加强基础研究是建设创新型国家的必然选择
Analysis of Innovation Layout of Enterprises in Major Global Economies Reveals that Strengthening Basic Research is Necessary for China’s Enterprises
全球主要经济体企业科技创新版图分析及启示——中国企业加强基础研究是建设创新型国家的必然选择
Analysis of Innovation Layout of Enterprises in Major Global Economies Reveals that Strengthening Basic Research is Necessary for China’s Enterprises
作者
李敏 张先恩 刘云
中文关键词
企业，经济体，创新版图，基础研究
英文关键词
enterprise, global economies, innovation landscape, basic research
中文摘要
企业创新能力是科技强国的重要体现，而基础研究是科技创新的源泉。基础研究的执行主体无疑是高
校和国家科研机构，而企业在基础研究活动中扮演什么角色一直以来有争议。文章立足宏观，首先对基础研
究的内涵进行探讨，明确企业基础研究的应用导向属性；然后从基础研究投入、科研论文、《专利合作条
约》（PCT）专利、国家竞争力指标等多个维度分析全球主要经济体企业的表现，由此构建全球主要经济体
企业创新版图。通过分析比较，文章发现：（1）发达经济体的企业重视基础研究，形成大量持续创新型的
百年老店；（2）改革开放以来的 40 多年，中国企业创新能力整体上取得巨大进步，但基础研究是短板，这
是历史发展阶段所决定的。由此，文章认为，当前中国已经进入高质量发展阶段，中国企业通过合适的方式
围绕行业发展未来实质性地加强基础研究，既是企业增强自身竞争力的需求，也是建设创新型国家不可或缺
的。文章最后讨论了中国企业开展基础研究的若干方式。
英文摘要
It is known that the innovation capacity of enterprises is an important indication for an innovation economy and basic research is
the source of science and technology innovation. What role should China’s enterprises play in basic research has always been a topic for debate.
Here in this article, we first discussed the connotation of basic research and clarified the importance of applied basic research to enterprises.
We then compared the innovation performance of enterprises in world’s major economies in terms of their R&D investment, scientific output including publications and PCT patent applications, and competitiveness indicators. Furthermore, a visual landscape of innovation performance
was formulated, which clearly shows the advantages and disadvantages of enterprises in various economies. The successful cases of some
well-known enterprises prove that basic research is essential for leading enterprises to maintain competitiveness. In the past 40 years, China’s
enterprises as a whole have made great progress, but their basic research has been weak. This phenomenon may be attributed to the historical
context of our development. In the current stage of high-quality development, we propose that substantially strengthening the basic research
is of crucial importance for China’s enterprises, especially industry-leading enterprises and innovative enterprises, to improve their global
competitiveness and build a strong national innovation economy. In addition, the measures to strengthen the basic research for Chinese
enterprises are discussed.
作者简介
李 敏
中国科学院生物物理所实验师，中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院公共管理专业硕士研 究生。2016年于中国科学院生物物理研究所生物工程专业获硕士学位，毕业后在该研究所从事科研 管理工作。主要研究领域：科技政策和生物科学实验技术。参与国家重点研发计划、中国科学院战 略性先导科技专项、国家自然科学基金重大项目、中国科学院重点部署项目等管理工作；参与国家 重点研发计划“合成生物学”重点专项“十四五”概算编制工作。
E-mail: minli@ibp.ac.cn
LI Min
Experimentalist in the Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). She received a master’s degree in biological engineering from IBP, CAS in 2016 and is now studying for a master’s degree in public administration in the School of Public Policy and Management, University of CAS, while engaging in scientific research management at IBP. Her main research areas include biological laboratory technology and science and technology policy. She has participated in the management of National Key Research and Development Program of China, the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS, Major Programs of National Natural Science Foundation of China etc. She has also participated in the budget estimate making for the 14th Five-year Plan of the National Key Research and Development Program of Synthetic Biology.
E-mail: minli@ibp.ac.cn
张先恩
深圳理工大学（筹）合成生物学院名誉院长，中国科学院生物物理研究所研究员。1993 年在中国科学院武汉病毒研究所晋升研究员。从事合成生物学、生物传感、纳米生物学和分析微 生物学交叉研究。美国医学与生物工程院Fellow，英国皇家化学会Fellow，加拿大阿尔伯塔大学荣 誉科学博士，中国生物工程学会副理事长、合成生物学分会主任，亚洲生物技术协会纳米生物技 术/生物传感/生物芯片分会共同创会会长。曾任科学技术部基础研究司司长，从事基础研究宏观管 理。返回科研一线后，受委托担任亚太经济合作组织（APEC）首席科学顾问会议（CSAE）中国代 表（2013、2015、2016、2018年）、2021—2035年国家中长期科学和技术发展规划战略研究基础科 学专题专家组副组长、国家重点研发计划合成生物学重点专项指南专家组组长；发表多篇（部）科 学宏观发展专题论著。E-mail: zhangxe@ibp.ac.cn
ZHANG Xian-En
Honorary Dean of the Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology and the Professor of the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Dr. Zhang has been engaged in convergence research of synthetic biology, biosensors, nanobiology and analytical microbiology and is the author of over 300 peer-reviewed papers and a number of books. He became a full professor in 1993 of Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS. He is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medicine and Biological Engineering (AIMBE), Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), and Honorary Doctor of Science of the University of Alberta. He was the former Director General of the Department of Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology, responsible for the strategic planning and management of national basic research programs. He has published multiple review articles and books on S&T policy and development with national and global perspectives. E-mail: zhangxe@ibp.ac.cn
中国科学院生物物理所实验师，中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院公共管理专业硕士研 究生。2016年于中国科学院生物物理研究所生物工程专业获硕士学位，毕业后在该研究所从事科研 管理工作。主要研究领域：科技政策和生物科学实验技术。参与国家重点研发计划、中国科学院战 略性先导科技专项、国家自然科学基金重大项目、中国科学院重点部署项目等管理工作；参与国家 重点研发计划“合成生物学”重点专项“十四五”概算编制工作。
E-mail: minli@ibp.ac.cn
LI Min
Experimentalist in the Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). She received a master’s degree in biological engineering from IBP, CAS in 2016 and is now studying for a master’s degree in public administration in the School of Public Policy and Management, University of CAS, while engaging in scientific research management at IBP. Her main research areas include biological laboratory technology and science and technology policy. She has participated in the management of National Key Research and Development Program of China, the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS, Major Programs of National Natural Science Foundation of China etc. She has also participated in the budget estimate making for the 14th Five-year Plan of the National Key Research and Development Program of Synthetic Biology.
E-mail: minli@ibp.ac.cn
张先恩
深圳理工大学（筹）合成生物学院名誉院长，中国科学院生物物理研究所研究员。1993 年在中国科学院武汉病毒研究所晋升研究员。从事合成生物学、生物传感、纳米生物学和分析微 生物学交叉研究。美国医学与生物工程院Fellow，英国皇家化学会Fellow，加拿大阿尔伯塔大学荣 誉科学博士，中国生物工程学会副理事长、合成生物学分会主任，亚洲生物技术协会纳米生物技 术/生物传感/生物芯片分会共同创会会长。曾任科学技术部基础研究司司长，从事基础研究宏观管 理。返回科研一线后，受委托担任亚太经济合作组织（APEC）首席科学顾问会议（CSAE）中国代 表（2013、2015、2016、2018年）、2021—2035年国家中长期科学和技术发展规划战略研究基础科 学专题专家组副组长、国家重点研发计划合成生物学重点专项指南专家组组长；发表多篇（部）科 学宏观发展专题论著。E-mail: zhangxe@ibp.ac.cn
ZHANG Xian-En
Honorary Dean of the Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology and the Professor of the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Dr. Zhang has been engaged in convergence research of synthetic biology, biosensors, nanobiology and analytical microbiology and is the author of over 300 peer-reviewed papers and a number of books. He became a full professor in 1993 of Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS. He is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medicine and Biological Engineering (AIMBE), Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), and Honorary Doctor of Science of the University of Alberta. He was the former Director General of the Department of Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology, responsible for the strategic planning and management of national basic research programs. He has published multiple review articles and books on S&T policy and development with national and global perspectives. E-mail: zhangxe@ibp.ac.cn
