陈凯华,冯卓,郭锐,郝跃,康瑾,杨晓光,张潮,赵彬彬.加强数据要素治理在国家治理现代化中的基础作用[J].中国科学院院刊,2022,37(12):1716-1726.

加强数据要素治理在国家治理现代化中的基础作用

Strengthen Fundamental Role of Data Element Governance in National Governance Modernization

陈凯华^1,2
中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049;中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
CHEN Kaihua^1,2
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
冯卓²
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
FENG Zhuo²
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
郭锐^1*
中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
GUO Rui^1*
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
郝跃³
西安电子科技大学 西安 710126
HAO Yue³
Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
康瑾^4*
中国工业互联网研究院 北京 100102
KANG Jin^4*
China Academy of Industrial Internet, Beijing 100102, China
杨晓光⁵
中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院 北京 100190
YANG Xiaoguang⁵
Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
张潮²
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
ZHANG Chao²
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
赵彬彬²
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
ZHAO Binbin²
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

         国家治理现代化;数字要素治理;治理体系;治理思路

        national governance modernization;data element governance;governance system;governance idea

        数据要素治理是数字时代助力国家治理现代化的基础性支撑。通过强化数据要素与国家治理深度融合，能够加快建立数据驱动国家治理的新模式，推动国家治理更加科学化、精细化、智能化和高效化。欧美等国不断加强数据要素治理的顶层制度设计、技术创新应用、协同治理机制和全球治理合作，有效提高了数据要素治理水平，为我国提供了经验借鉴。不过，受数据要素的虚拟性、涉及主体较多、泄露风险较大、技术支撑水平要求较高等特点的影响，目前我国数据要素治理仍面临着协同治理机制不健全、伦理治理机制不完善、人才和技术基础较薄弱等挑战，无法充分发挥数据要素作用以满足国家治理现代化的需求。新时代迫切需要面向国家治理现代化建设的重大需求和应用场景建立健全与之相适应的数据要素治理体系，树立兼顾公平、效率与安全多方位发展的治理观念，构建政府、市场与社会多元主体协同共治的治理模式，强化科学、技术与制度多维协同驱动的治理思路，完善人才、基础设施与公共服务保障体系，以提高我国数据要素治理水平，为国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设提供有力支撑。

        Data element governance is a key factor to promote the modernization of national governance in the digital era. By strengthening the deep integration of data factors and national governance, a new model of data-driven national governance can be formed, and the national governance can be made more scientific, refined, intelligent, and efficient. The US and European countries have continuously strengthened the top-level system design, technological innovation application, collaborative governance mechanism, and global governance cooperation of data element governance, which has effectively improved the level of data element governance and provided experience for China. Nevertheless, due to the virtuality of data elements, more subjects involved, greater risk of leakage, and higher requirements of technical support level, the current data element governance is still faced with challenges such as imperfect collaborative governance mechanism, incomplete ethical governance mechanism, weak talent and technology foundation, etc. It is thus challenging to give full play to the role of data factors to meet the needs of the modernization of national governance. In the new era, it is urgent to establish and improve a data element governance system suitable for current major needs and application scenarios of national governance, by establishing a governance concept that takes into account the development of efficiency, fairness, and security in all directions, building a governance model featuring the collaboration and co-governance of multiple subjects of the government, the market, and society, strengthening a governance idea driven by the synergy of science, technology, and institutions, and improving the basic guarantee of talents, infrastructure, and public services, to promote the governance level of data factors and provide strong support for the modernization of national governance system and capacity.