陈凯华,郭锐,裴瑞敏.我国科技人才政策十年发展与面向高水平科技自立自强的优化思路[J].中国科学院院刊,2022,37(5):613-621.

我国科技人才政策十年发展与面向高水平科技自立自强的优化思路

Ten-year Development of China's Science and Technology Talent Policies and Optimizing Approach for Sci-tech Self-reliance and Self-improvement

陈凯华^1,2
中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049;中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
CHEN Kaihua^1,2
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
郭锐^1*
中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
GUO Rui^1*
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
裴瑞敏²
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
PEI Ruimin²
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

         科技人才政策;政策发展;科技自立自强;人才培养;人才链;创新链

        S&T talent policy;policy development;sci-tech self-reliance and self-improvement;talent cultivation;talent chain;innovation chain

        党的十八大以来，我国科技人才政策不断优化，已形成多层纵横联动的政策体系。科技人才教育与培养政策不断完备，使用与发展政策逐步改善，评价与激励政策更加丰富，有效保障了我国科技人才高质量发展。不过，现有科技人才政策体系仍存在系统性不足、精准性不高、联动性不强，以及对青年科技人才和基础研究人才（以下简称“青基人才”）支持不够等问题，无法充分满足新时期高水平科技自立自强下对高水平科技人才队伍的迫切需求。在新形势下，要夯实科技人才建设在国家创新体系建设中的核心地位和引领作用，面向高水平科技自立自强，未来的科技人才政策需强化自主培养、服务国家战略与聚焦产业需求，推进教育链、人才链、创新链、产业链深度融合，推动青年科技人才政策、基础研究人才政策、战略科学家和卓越工程师发展政策落地；深化科教融合，推进面向科技发展需求的科技人才教育、培养和发展的政策体系建设，建立遵循科研活动规律的研究生教育制度；系统思考优化科技人才评价与激励政策体系，推进科技人才生活保障政策的有效实施；多部门协同推进建立与国际接轨的科技人才机制，加快建设世界重要人才中心和创新高地。

        Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the science and technology (S&T) talent policies in China have been continuously optimized and developed Consequently, a multi-layered policy system with vertical and horizontal linkages has been formed. The education and training policies have been improved, the utilization and development policies of talents have been enhanced, and the evaluation and incentive policies have become more rational, which effectively guaranteed the high-quality development of China's S&T talents. However, there are still several problems with the current S&T talent policy system, such as incomplete system, low precision, low integration of technological and educational policy, and insufficient incentives for young S&T talents and basic research talents (thereafter "young-basic talents"), which cannot meet the urgent need under the strategy of sci-tech self-reliance and self-improvement. Therefore, it is vital to consolidate the core position and leading role of the S&T talents development in the construction of the national innovation system under the new situation. Facing the sci-tech self-reliance and self-improvement strategy, the future S&T talent policies need to strengthen selfcultivating, serve national strategy, and focus on industry needs to promote the deep integration of the education chain, talent chain, innovation chain, and industry chain and promote the implementation of policies for young S&T talents, basic research talents and strategic scientists, and outstanding engineers. It is also necessary to promote talent education, training and development policies to meet the needs of sci-tech development by deepening the integration of science and education and establishing a postgraduate education system that follows the laws of scientific research activities. Furthermore, it needs to systematically think about the policy system optimization for the S&T talents evaluation and incentives, to promote the effective implementation of the life security policy of S&T talents. In addition, efforts should be made to promote the establishment of a talent mechanism in line with international standards and to accelerate the construction of the world's important talent centers and innovations highlands.