于贵瑞,郝天象,朱剑兴.中国碳达峰、碳中和行动方略之探讨[J].中国科学院院刊,2022,37(4):423-434.

中国碳达峰、碳中和行动方略之探讨

Discussion on Action Strategies of China’s Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality
作者
于贵瑞1,2*
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院 北京 100049
YU Guirui1,2*
CAS Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
郝天象1
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101
HAO Tianxiang1
CAS Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
朱剑兴1
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室 北京 100101
ZHU Jianxing1
CAS Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
中文关键词
         碳达峰;碳中和;行动方略;气候治理;减排增汇;生态系统碳循环
英文关键词
        carbon peak;carbon neutrality;action strategies;climate governance;emissions reduction and increment of carbon sink;ecosystem carbon cycle
中文摘要
        中国碳达峰、碳中和(以下简称“双碳”)行动是一项涵盖全域国土空间、国家主导全民参与、长期持续实施的巨大系统工程,需要有明确且兼具韧性和适应性的行动方略。文章在梳理“双碳”现状的基础上,探讨了中国实现“双碳”目标的行动方略、技术途径与科技支撑等问题,认为中国“双碳”行动的基本方略应该是坚持“一个基本理念”、实现“两个宏观目标”、贯彻“三路综合”与“四举并进”的技术路径、落实全域国土空间管控和产业协同发展的“五个统筹”宏观布局,强化气候变化、地球系统碳循环科学研究及脱碳、低碳产业技术变革。面向国家“双碳”行动的全球变化和生态经济学研究需要长期持续关注的核心科学问题,构建地球系统碳循环过程、碳储量及通量的多要素-多过程-多界面-多尺度协同监测体系,系统认知和精细评估中国区域生态系统碳汇功能及增汇潜力。当前的迫切任务是构建和完善科学基础、观测模拟、能源结构转型、产业结构调整、生态保碳增汇、国家战略与路径选择、协同治理与管理政策7个方面的科技支撑体系。
英文摘要
        China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality action is a huge system engineering with national coverage, country-led and universal participation, long-term sustainable implementation, requiring definite, tenacious, and adaptable action strategies. Here, based on summarizing the current situations of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", the action strategies, technological approaches, and scientific and technological supports are discussed to achieve the "dual carbon" targets in China. It is suggested that China's "dual carbon" action should insist on "one basic concept", achieve "two macroscopic targets", implement the "three-pronged comprehensive", and "four-way simultaneous" technological paths, and practice the macro layout of "five coordination" in the national land space control and the coordinated industrial development. It is required to strengthen scientific research on climate change and earth system carbon cycle and technological revolution for decarbonization and low-carbon industry. In the field of global change and ecological economics for national "dual carbon" action, more attention should be paid to key scientific issues. There are the construction of the multi-factors, multi-processes, multi-interfaces, and multi-scales collaborative monitoring system for carbon cycle process, carbon storage and flux in Earth system, and the systematic cognition and precise assessment of the carbon sink function and its potential of Chinese regional ecosystems. For the moment, it is urgent to build and complete the scientific and technological supporting system in seven aspects:scientific basis, observation and simulation, energy structure transformation, industrial structure adjustment, ecological carbon conservation and sink increase, national strategy and approach route, collaborative governance, and management policy.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20220121001
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