宋显伟,张保才,白洋,潘多峰,邓向东,王竑晟,孙波,曹晓风.生物技术助力黑土地保护性利用的应用与思考[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(12):1488-1496.
生物技术助力黑土地保护性利用的应用与思考
Application and Review of Biotechnology in Promoting Protective Utilization of Black Soil
生物技术助力黑土地保护性利用的应用与思考
Application and Review of Biotechnology in Promoting Protective Utilization of Black Soil
作者
宋显伟1
中国科学院种子创新研究院 遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101
SONG Xianwei1
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
张保才1
中国科学院种子创新研究院 遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101
ZHANG Baocai1
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
白洋1
中国科学院种子创新研究院 遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101
BAI Yang1
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
潘多峰2
黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所 哈尔滨 150086
PAN Duofeng2
Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
邓向东1
中国科学院种子创新研究院 遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101
DENG Xiangdong1
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
王竑晟3
中国科学院 科技促进发展局 北京 100864
WANG Hongsheng3
Bureau of Science and Technology for Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
孙波4
中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008
SUN Bo4
Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
曹晓风1*
中国科学院种子创新研究院 遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101
CAO Xiaofeng1*
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
中国科学院种子创新研究院 遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101
SONG Xianwei1
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
张保才1
中国科学院种子创新研究院 遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101
ZHANG Baocai1
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
白洋1
中国科学院种子创新研究院 遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101
BAI Yang1
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
潘多峰2
黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所 哈尔滨 150086
PAN Duofeng2
Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
邓向东1
中国科学院种子创新研究院 遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101
DENG Xiangdong1
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
王竑晟3
中国科学院 科技促进发展局 北京 100864
WANG Hongsheng3
Bureau of Science and Technology for Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
孙波4
中国科学院南京土壤研究所 南京 210008
SUN Bo4
Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
曹晓风1*
中国科学院种子创新研究院 遗传与发育生物学研究所 北京 100101
CAO Xiaofeng1*
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
中文关键词
生物技术;黑土地;质量;产能;绿肥;秸秆腐解;植物微生物组;微生物肥料
英文关键词
biotechnology;black soil;quality;production capacity;green manure;straw decomposition;plant microbiome;microbial fertilizer
中文摘要
我国东北黑土地经过60年高强度利用和不合理耕作导致其有机质减少、碳氮严重失衡、微生物群落失稳等一系列退化过程，严重威胁我国粮食安全和农业可持续发展。黑土有机质含量降低是黑土退化的核心问题。生物是一切有机质的源泉，生物驱动的有机质动态平衡是维持农田生态系统稳定及土壤质量的基础。然而，东北水热资源限制致使生物驱动的土壤有机质转化困难，制约了黑土质量提升和保护性耕作技术的发展。中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）“黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程（黑土粮仓）”设立了“黑土地产能和质量提升的现代生物学技术”攻关任务；该攻关任务围绕绿肥等生物驱动的土壤有机质动态平衡机理、秸秆低温腐解的生物学机制等重大科学问题开展研究，研发黑土质量提升相关的变革性、颠覆性生物技术，突破黑土有机质转化技术瓶颈，促使黑土地物质循环和生态系统功能趋于良性平衡，为黑土地质量和产能提升提供重要理论和关键技术支撑。
英文摘要
In the past 60 years, the highly-intensive and unreasonable farming of the black soil in Northeast China has brought a series of adverse consequences such as the reduction of organic matter, the serious imbalance of carbon and nitrogen, and the instability of microbiota, which seriously threaten China's food security and agricultural sustainable development. The decrease of organic matter content in black soil is the core issue in the degradation of black soil. Organisms are the source of all organic matter, and the dynamic balance of organic matter driven by organisms is the basis for maintaining the stability of farmland ecosystem and soil quality. However, the limitation of hydrothermal resources in Northeast China makes it difficult to realize the transformation of organism-driven soil organic matter, which restricts the improvement of black soil quality and the development of conservation tillage technology. Recently, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has launched the strategic priority program "Scientific and Technological Innovation Project for Black Soil Protection and Utilization (Black Soil Granary)", and set up the key task of "modern biological technology for improving the productivity and quality of black soil". Focusing on major scientific issues including the mechanism of soil organic matter dynamic balance driven by organisms such as green manure, and the biological mechanism of low-temperature decomposition of straw, the key task aims to develop revolutionary and disruptive biotechnologies to solve the bottleneck of transformation technology of black soil organic matter, hence to promote the benign balance of material circulations and ecological functions. This will provide important theoretical and key technical support for the improvement of productivity and quality of black soil.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20210923001
作者简介
宋显伟 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所研究员。长期从事植物表观遗传学及抗逆机理研究。在水稻表观遗传变异及小分子RNA合成途径的研究中取得了多项原创性成果。以第一或通信作者在Annual Review of Plant Biology、PNAS、Molecular Plant、Plant Physiology等国际主流期刊发表SCI论文14篇。获得2019年度国家自然科学奖二等奖和2015年度北京市科学技术奖二等奖。
E-mail:xwsong@genetics.ac.cn
SONG Xianwei Professor of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Dr. Song has been working mainly on plant epigenetics and stress-response mechanism. Many original achievements have been accomplished from his study of epigenetic variation and small RNA biogenesis in rice. As the first or corresponding author, he has published 14 research papers and review articles in international high profile journals, including Annual Review of Plant Biology, PNAS, Molecular Plant, Plant Physiology, etc. He was awarded China's National Natural Science Award (second prize) in 2019 and Beijing Science and Technology Award (second prize) in 2015.
E-mail:xwsong@genetics.ac.cn
曹晓风 中国科学院院士、发展中国家科学院院士和美国科学院外籍院士。中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所研究员,中国科学院-英国约翰英纳斯中心植物和微生物科学联合研究中心共同主任,国际植物表观遗传组学专家委员会委员。长期致力于植物表观遗传调控机理研究,鉴定出多个表观遗传调控关键因子,揭示了组蛋白甲基化动态调控、精氨酸甲基化和小分子RNA在控制基因组稳定性和植物发育中的重要作用。在国际主流期刊上发表了100多篇论文。《中国科学:生命科学》副主编,以及The Plant Cell、National Science Review等杂志编委。中国女科技工作者协会副会长。曾获"中国青年女科学家""全国优秀科技工作者",以及中国植物生理与植物分子生物学学会CSPB杰出成就奖和国家自然科学奖二等奖。
E-mail:xfcao@genetics.ac.cn
CAO Xiaofeng Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries (TWAS), and Foreign Associate of the American National Academy of Sciences. Distinguished Professor of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB), CAS. Currently Dr. Cao is the Co-director of the CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, jointly established by CAS and the John Innes Centre (UK), and International Steering Committee Member of Epigenomics of Plants International Consortium (EPIC). During her years of research focusing on the regulation mechanisms in plant epigenetics, Dr. Cao and her colleagues have identified a number of key epigenetic regulators and uncovered the important role of dynamic regulation of histone methylation, arginine methylation, and small RNAs in governing genome stability and plant development. She has published over 100 research papers and review articles in high profile journals. She has served as Associate Editor-in-Chief of Science China Life Sciences, and editor of The Plant Cell, National Science Review, etc. She serves as Deputy Director of China Women's Association for Science and Technology. She has received many awards including National Outstanding Scientist Awards, L'OLEAL Young Female Scientists Awards, CSPB Outstanding Achievement Award of Chinese Society of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, and second prize of China's National Natural Science Award.
E-mail:xfcao@genetics.ac.cn
E-mail:xwsong@genetics.ac.cn
SONG Xianwei Professor of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Dr. Song has been working mainly on plant epigenetics and stress-response mechanism. Many original achievements have been accomplished from his study of epigenetic variation and small RNA biogenesis in rice. As the first or corresponding author, he has published 14 research papers and review articles in international high profile journals, including Annual Review of Plant Biology, PNAS, Molecular Plant, Plant Physiology, etc. He was awarded China's National Natural Science Award (second prize) in 2019 and Beijing Science and Technology Award (second prize) in 2015.
E-mail:xwsong@genetics.ac.cn
曹晓风 中国科学院院士、发展中国家科学院院士和美国科学院外籍院士。中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所研究员,中国科学院-英国约翰英纳斯中心植物和微生物科学联合研究中心共同主任,国际植物表观遗传组学专家委员会委员。长期致力于植物表观遗传调控机理研究,鉴定出多个表观遗传调控关键因子,揭示了组蛋白甲基化动态调控、精氨酸甲基化和小分子RNA在控制基因组稳定性和植物发育中的重要作用。在国际主流期刊上发表了100多篇论文。《中国科学:生命科学》副主编,以及The Plant Cell、National Science Review等杂志编委。中国女科技工作者协会副会长。曾获"中国青年女科学家""全国优秀科技工作者",以及中国植物生理与植物分子生物学学会CSPB杰出成就奖和国家自然科学奖二等奖。
E-mail:xfcao@genetics.ac.cn
CAO Xiaofeng Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries (TWAS), and Foreign Associate of the American National Academy of Sciences. Distinguished Professor of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB), CAS. Currently Dr. Cao is the Co-director of the CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, jointly established by CAS and the John Innes Centre (UK), and International Steering Committee Member of Epigenomics of Plants International Consortium (EPIC). During her years of research focusing on the regulation mechanisms in plant epigenetics, Dr. Cao and her colleagues have identified a number of key epigenetic regulators and uncovered the important role of dynamic regulation of histone methylation, arginine methylation, and small RNAs in governing genome stability and plant development. She has published over 100 research papers and review articles in high profile journals. She has served as Associate Editor-in-Chief of Science China Life Sciences, and editor of The Plant Cell, National Science Review, etc. She serves as Deputy Director of China Women's Association for Science and Technology. She has received many awards including National Outstanding Scientist Awards, L'OLEAL Young Female Scientists Awards, CSPB Outstanding Achievement Award of Chinese Society of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, and second prize of China's National Natural Science Award.
E-mail:xfcao@genetics.ac.cn
