李玲娟,张畅然,余江.支撑美国高水平基础研究的法律治理研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(11):1326-1336.
支撑美国高水平基础研究的法律治理研究
Research on Legal Governance System of American Basic Research
支撑美国高水平基础研究的法律治理研究
Research on Legal Governance System of American Basic Research
作者
李玲娟1
中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
LI Lingjuan1
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
张畅然1
中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
ZHANG Changran1
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
余江1,2*
中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049;中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
YU Jiang1,2*
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
LI Lingjuan1
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
张畅然1
中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
ZHANG Changran1
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
余江1,2*
中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049;中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
YU Jiang1,2*
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
中文关键词
基础研究;法律治理;美国;资助
英文关键词
basic research;legal governance;United States;funding
中文摘要
基础研究是重大原始创新的动力之源。由于基础研究具有探索性强、周期长、见效慢的特点，因而其本身极其依赖特定政策、法律及制度体系的保障。作为世界基础研究强国，美国基础研究的治理过程中坚持法治性特征，其法律治理过程主要从两个维度展开：（1）美国基础研究体系构成及相关的法律依据，美国基础研究体系是高度复杂、动态的系统，包括主要致力于自由探索基础研究的美国科学基金会和广泛考虑国家安全、社会发展需求的“使命导向型基础研究”机构；（2）不同类型基础研究在实施中的法律监管框架不同，自由探索基础研究和使命导向基础研究项目在资金来源、资助协议形式、经费构成及管理等方面存在不同的法律规则。
英文摘要
The study of the legal governance system of American basic research focuses on two dimensions, (1) The composition of American basic research system and the related legal basis. The American basic research system is a highly complex and dynamic system, including the US Science Foundation, which is dedicated to the free exploration of basic research, and the "mission-oriented basic research" agencies such as the National Institutes of Health, the US Energy Agency, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which focuses on national security and social development needs. (2) The legal and regulatory framework for the implementation of different types of basic research differs. There are different legal rules governing the source of funding, the form of funding agreements, the composition of funding, and the administration of free exploratory basic research and task-oriented basic research projects.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20210526001
作者简介
李玲娟 中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院副教授。中国知识产权研究会理事,中国科学院法律咨询平台专家。长期从事科技政策、科技法律制度研究。
E-mail:llj791010@ucas.ac.cn
LI Lingjuan Associate Professor of School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Member of the Board of Directors of the China Intellectual Property Research Society; Expert of Legal Consulting Platform of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). She has long been engaged in research on science and technology policy and law system.
E-mail:llj791010@ucas.ac.cn
余江 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院研究员,中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院教授、网络创新与发展研究中心执行主任,博士生导师。清华大学技术创新研究中心学术委员会委员。曾任剑桥大学皇家学会国际研究员。长期关注全球化背景下的高技术创新政策、数字化与竞争战略等研究,在"中欧高层创新对话"中担任中方专家组核心成员。在国内外核心期刊发表了一系列论文并出版英文专著。主持国家自然科学基金重点项目、国家软科学计划重大项目等多项国家级重要科研课题。
E-mail:yujiang@casisd.cn
YU Jiang Research Professor of Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS-ISD), Doctoral Supervisor, Full Professor at School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Director of Research Center of Network Innovation and Development, UCAS. He also serves as the member of the Academic Committee of Research Center for Technological Innovation, Tsinghua University. Yu used to work as the Royal Society International Fellow in Cambridge University. His main research interests cover innovation policy, digitalization, and competition strategy. He is also the core member of the Chinese Expert Group at the China-EU High Level Innovation Dialogue. He has published a series of papers in national and international core journals, as well as monograph in English. Prof. Yu has chaired important national funding programs such as Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and National Soft-Science Key Projects.
E-mail:yujiang@casisd.cn
E-mail:llj791010@ucas.ac.cn
LI Lingjuan Associate Professor of School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Member of the Board of Directors of the China Intellectual Property Research Society; Expert of Legal Consulting Platform of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). She has long been engaged in research on science and technology policy and law system.
E-mail:llj791010@ucas.ac.cn
余江 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院研究员,中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院教授、网络创新与发展研究中心执行主任,博士生导师。清华大学技术创新研究中心学术委员会委员。曾任剑桥大学皇家学会国际研究员。长期关注全球化背景下的高技术创新政策、数字化与竞争战略等研究,在"中欧高层创新对话"中担任中方专家组核心成员。在国内外核心期刊发表了一系列论文并出版英文专著。主持国家自然科学基金重点项目、国家软科学计划重大项目等多项国家级重要科研课题。
E-mail:yujiang@casisd.cn
YU Jiang Research Professor of Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS-ISD), Doctoral Supervisor, Full Professor at School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Director of Research Center of Network Innovation and Development, UCAS. He also serves as the member of the Academic Committee of Research Center for Technological Innovation, Tsinghua University. Yu used to work as the Royal Society International Fellow in Cambridge University. His main research interests cover innovation policy, digitalization, and competition strategy. He is also the core member of the Chinese Expert Group at the China-EU High Level Innovation Dialogue. He has published a series of papers in national and international core journals, as well as monograph in English. Prof. Yu has chaired important national funding programs such as Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and National Soft-Science Key Projects.
E-mail:yujiang@casisd.cn
