傅伯杰,欧阳志云,施鹏,樊杰,王小丹,郑华,赵文武,吴飞.青藏高原生态安全屏障状况与保护对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(11):1298-1306.

青藏高原生态安全屏障状况与保护对策

Current Condition and Protection Strategies of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Security Barrier
作者
傅伯杰1,2*
中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 北京 100085;北京师范大学 地理科学学部 北京 100875
FU Bojie1,2*
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
欧阳志云1
中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 北京 100085
OUYANG Zhiyun1
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
施鹏3
中国科学院昆明动物研究所 昆明 650201
SHI Peng3
Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
樊杰4
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
FAN Jie4
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
王小丹5
中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 成都 610041
WANG Xiaodan5
Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
郑华1
中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 北京 100085
ZHENG Hua1
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
赵文武2
北京师范大学 地理科学学部 北京 100875
ZHAO Wenwu2
Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
吴飞3
中国科学院昆明动物研究所 昆明 650201
WU Fei3
Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
中文关键词
         生态系统格局;生态系统功能;生态问题;生态安全屏障;青藏高原
英文关键词
        ecosystem pattern;ecosystem function;ecological issue;ecological security barrier;Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
中文摘要
        青藏高原是我国乃至亚洲的重要生态安全屏障区和全球生物多样性保护的热点地区,保障生态安全是青藏高原生态保护的核心任务。青藏高原物种丰富但受威胁物种多。近15年来青藏高原生态安全屏障生态系统格局稳定,生态系统质量整体趋好,水源涵养、土壤保持和防风固沙服务均得以提升,生态退化趋势得到遏制,自然保护地建设和生态保护建设工程对提升生态屏障功能发挥了关键作用。然而,受气候暖湿化和人类活动影响,青藏高原生态安全屏障仍然面临退化草地面积大,以及冻土面积萎缩、沼泽湿地减少、部分生物栖息地退化、外来物种入侵、局部生态系统退化等生态风险。为了进一步保护青藏高原生态安全屏障功能,建议优化调整自然保护地空间格局,建立以国家公园群为主体的自然保护地体系和加快实施青藏高原生态安全屏障保护修复工程。
英文摘要
        Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is important ecological security barrier of China and even Asia, and one of biodiversity conservation hotspots. Ensuring ecological security and protecting biodiversity are key tasks of ecological protection in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, wildlife is very rich but there are many threatened species. During past 15 years, ecosystem pattern is stable, and ecosystem quality generally elevates in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Correspondingly, water retention, soil retention, and sandstorm prevention are improved and the trend of ecological degradation is suppressed. The construction of natural reserves and the implementation of ecological protection projects in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contribute to the improvement of ecological security barrier function. However, due to the impacts of warm-wet tendency and human activities, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is facing a series of ecological degradation risks, including frozen soil area withering, marsh reduction, wildlife habitat degradation, alien invasion, and ecosystem degradation. To further protect Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's ecological security barrier, the following measures could be taken, namely, optimizing spatial pattern of natural protected area, establishing natural protected area system mainly based on national park group, and implementing ecological protection and restoration projects.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20210919001
作者简介
傅伯杰 中国科学院院士,美国人文与科学院外籍院士,第三世界科学院院士,英国爱丁堡皇家学会外籍院士。中国科学院生态环境研究中心学术委员会主任、研究员,北京师范大学地理科学学部名誉部长。主要研究领域:景观格局与生态过程、生态系统服务。在土地利用结构与生态过程、景观生态学和生态系统服务等方面取得了系统性创新成果。曾获欧洲地球科学联合会"洪堡奖章",2019年CCTV科技创新年度人物,国家自然科学奖二等奖,国家科技进步奖二等奖,中国科学院杰出科技成就奖,何梁何利科学与技术进步奖,中华环境优秀奖和国际景观生态学会杰出贡献奖。
E-mail:bfu@rcees.ac.cn
FU Bojie Distinguished Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for EcoEnvironmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, International Honorary Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries (TWAS), and Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, UK. His research focuses on landscape patterns and ecological processes, ecosystem services. Due to outstanding research achievements in land-use structure and ecological processes, landscape ecology and ecosystem services, he has won a series of important awards, including Alexander von Humboldt Medal of European Geosciences Union in 2020, Person of the Year in CCTV Science & Technology Innovation in 2019, the second prize of National Natural Science Award, the second prize of National Science & Technology Progress Award, the Outstanding Science and Technology Achievement Prize of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ho Leung Ho Lee Science and Technology Progress Award, Excellence Award of China Environment, and Distinguished Service Award of International Association for Landscape Ecology.
E-mail:bfu@rcees.ac.cn
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