卢善龙,贾立,蒋云钟,王宗明,段洪涛,沈明,田雨,卢静.联合国可持续发展目标6（清洁饮水与卫生设施）监测评估：进展与展望[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(8):904-913.

联合国可持续发展目标6（清洁饮水与卫生设施）监测评估：进展与展望

Progress and Prospect on Monitoring and Evaluation of United Nations SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) Target

卢善龙^1,2*
可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094
LU Shanlong^1,2*
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China;Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
贾立²
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094
JIA Li²
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
蒋云钟³
中国水利水电科学研究院 北京 100048
JIANG Yunzhong³
China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China
王宗明⁴
中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 长春 130102
WANG Zongming⁴
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
段洪涛^5,6
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 南京 210008;西北大学 城市与环境学院 西安 710127
DUAN Hongtao^5,6
Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;College of Urban and Environment, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
沈明⁵
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 南京 210008
SHEN Ming⁵
Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
田雨³
中国水利水电科学研究院 北京 100048
TIAN Yu³
China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China
卢静²
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094
LU Jing²
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

         地球大数据;清洁饮水与卫生设施;对地观测;可持续发展

        Big Earth Data;clean water and sanitation;earth observation;sustainable development

        “清洁饮水和卫生设施”（SDG 6）是联合国17个可持续发展目标之一，但截至目前，世界并未走在实现SDG 6的正确轨道上。为了改变这种状况并重新带领世界走上实现SDG 6的道路，联合国倡议并启动了包括融资、数据和信息、能力发展、创新、治理5个方面内容的“SDG 6全球加速框架”。文章从服务于SDG 6指标监测评估的数据和信息角度，分析了当前全球范围内的数据进展、地球大数据技术在SDG 6指标监测评估中的应用情况，总结了全球SDG 6监测评估中存在的2个方面问题：（1）仍缺乏可持续生产的高精度指标数据集；（2）缺乏集数据获取、指标计算、目标评估为一体的运行化系统。在此基础上，提出了建立面向SDG6全目标指标体系监测评估的标准化统计报表与技术指南，以及搭建系统平台的建议。

        Clean water and sanitation (SDG 6) is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, but so far, the world is not on the right track to achieve SDG 6 targets. In order to change this situation and lead the world to achieve the goal of sustainable water resources management, the United Nations initiated the SDG 6 global acceleration framework including financing, data and information, capacity development, innovation, and governance. From the perspective of data and information that serving SDG 6 target monitoring and evaluation, this study analyzes the current global data progress, the role of Big Earth Data, technology, and the integrated application in SDG 6 target monitoring and evaluation. The study summarizes two problems in the global SDG 6 monitoring and evaluation:1) There is still a lack of sustainably provided high-precision indicator monitoring data set. 2) Lack of operational system integrating data acquisition, indicator calculation and target evaluation. On this basis, the study proposes to establish standardized statistical forms and technical guidelines, to build a system platform for the monitoring and evaluation of all the SDG 6 targets and indicators.