郭华东,梁栋,陈方,孙中昶,刘洁.地球大数据促进联合国可持续发展目标实现[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(8):874-884.
地球大数据促进联合国可持续发展目标实现
Big Earth Data Facilitates Sustainable Development Goals
地球大数据促进联合国可持续发展目标实现
Big Earth Data Facilitates Sustainable Development Goals
作者
郭华东1,2,3*
可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
GUO Huadong1,2,3*
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China;Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
梁栋1,2,3
可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
LIANG Dong1,2,3
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China;Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
陈方1,2,3
可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
CHEN Fang1,2,3
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China;Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
孙中昶1,2
可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094
SUN Zhongchang1,2
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China;Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
刘洁1,2
可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094
LIU Jie1,2
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China;Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
GUO Huadong1,2,3*
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China;Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
梁栋1,2,3
可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
LIANG Dong1,2,3
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China;Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
陈方1,2,3
可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094;中国科学院大学 北京 100049
CHEN Fang1,2,3
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China;Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
孙中昶1,2
可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094
SUN Zhongchang1,2
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China;Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
刘洁1,2
可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094
LIU Jie1,2
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China;Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
中文关键词
地球大数据;可持续发展目标;SDG指标监测;可持续发展大数据国际研究中心
英文关键词
Big Earth Data;Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs);SDG indicators monitoring;International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals
中文摘要
2015年，联合国通过17项可持续发展目标（SDGs），涵盖经济、社会、环境三大领域，其为各国全面转向可持续发展指明方向。然而，数据缺失、发展不均衡、目标间关联且相互制约等问题对于SDGs落实造成制约，2020年全球新冠肺炎疫情的暴发更加剧了各国实现SDGs面临的挑战。文章重点介绍中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）“地球大数据科学工程”（CASEarth）开展的可持续发展科学卫星、可持续发展大数据信息平台系统、SDG指标监测与评估等研究工作，并对可持续发展大数据国际研究中心的科学定位、核心任务及研究内容等进行介绍。文章提出了需提升SDGs数据服务能力，加强SDG指标监测与评估科学研究，研发SDGs科学系列卫星，建设科技创新促进可持续发展智库，以及提供面向发展中国家的教育和培训等发展建议。
英文摘要
In 2015, the United Nations adopted 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to guide the economic, social, and environmental aspects of development. However, several factors have constrained the implementation of the SDGs, including uneven development, lack of data, and the interconnection and mutual restriction between the goals. In particular, the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 exacerbated the challenges faced by countries in implementing SDGs. This study focuses on the need to improve data services for SDGs in order to strengthen scientific research on monitoring and evaluating SDG indicators. We advocate for a scientific think tank that guides technological innovation for sustainable development and provides suggestions on education and training for developing countries that warrant serious consideration for rapid and meaningful sustained progress in the future. This paper highlights research on improving SDG monitoring and evaluation of SDGs carried out under the Big Earth Data Science Engineering Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the progress made in the development of the big data information platform for SDGs, and the monitoring and evaluation of SDG indicators. Further, the paper introduces the sustainable development scientific satellite due to launch in October 2021, a first of its kind in a series of satellites and the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (CBAS), which is being established to strengthen national and international efforts through improved scientific support driven by innovative big data solutions for SDGs.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20210707006
作者简介
郭华东 中国科学院院士、俄罗斯科学院外籍院士、芬兰科学与人文院外籍院士、发展中国家科学院院士。中国科学院空天信息创新研究院研究员、博士生导师。主要从事遥感信息科学、雷达对地观测、数字地球等领域研究。现任国际数字地球学会名誉主席、联合国教科文组织国际自然与文化遗产空间技术中心主任、"数字丝路"国际科学计划主席、《国际数字地球学报》和《地球大数据》主编等;曾任联合国可持续发展目标技术促进机制10人组成员、国际科学理事会科技数据委员会主席、国际数字地球学会主席、国际环境遥感委员会主席等。中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)"地球大数据科学工程"负责人。
E-mail:hdguo@radi.ac.cn
GUO Huadong Professor of the Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chief Scientist of CAS Big Earth Data Science Engineering Program (CASEarth). He is an Academician of CAS, a Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a Foreign Member of the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, and a Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries (TWAS). He specializes in remote sensing, radar for Earth observation, and digital Earth science. He presently serves as Honorary President of the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE), Director of the International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage (HIST) under the Auspices of UNESCO, Chair of Digital Belt and Road Program (DBAR), Editor-in-Chief of two scientific journals International Journal of Digital Earth and Big Earth Data. He served as Member of UN 10-Member Group to support the Technology Facilitation Mechanism for SDGs (2018-2021), Chairman of the International Committee of Remote Sensing of Environment (2017-2020), President of ISDE (2015-2019), and ICSU Committee on Data for Science and Technology (2010-2014).
E-mail:hdguo@radi.ac.cn
E-mail:hdguo@radi.ac.cn
GUO Huadong Professor of the Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chief Scientist of CAS Big Earth Data Science Engineering Program (CASEarth). He is an Academician of CAS, a Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a Foreign Member of the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, and a Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries (TWAS). He specializes in remote sensing, radar for Earth observation, and digital Earth science. He presently serves as Honorary President of the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE), Director of the International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage (HIST) under the Auspices of UNESCO, Chair of Digital Belt and Road Program (DBAR), Editor-in-Chief of two scientific journals International Journal of Digital Earth and Big Earth Data. He served as Member of UN 10-Member Group to support the Technology Facilitation Mechanism for SDGs (2018-2021), Chairman of the International Committee of Remote Sensing of Environment (2017-2020), President of ISDE (2015-2019), and ICSU Committee on Data for Science and Technology (2010-2014).
E-mail:hdguo@radi.ac.cn
