潘庆民,孙佳美,杨元合,刘伟,李昂,彭云峰,薛建国,夏昊,黄建辉.我国草原恢复与保护的问题与对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(6):666-674.

我国草原恢复与保护的问题与对策

Issues and Solutions on Grassland Restoration and Conservation in China

潘庆民^1,2*
中国科学院植物研究所 植被与环境变化国家重点实验室 北京 100093;1 中国科学院植物研究所 植被与环境变化国家重点实验室 北京 100093
PAN Qingmin^1,2*
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
孙佳美^1,2
中国科学院植物研究所 植被与环境变化国家重点实验室 北京 100093;中国科学院生态草牧业工程实验室 北京 100093
SUN Jiamei^1,2
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;Engineering Laboratory for Grass-based Livestock Husbandry, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
杨元合¹
中国科学院植物研究所 植被与环境变化国家重点实验室 北京 100093
YANG Yuanhe¹
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
刘伟^1,2
中国科学院植物研究所 植被与环境变化国家重点实验室 北京 100093;中国科学院生态草牧业工程实验室 北京 100093
LIU Wei^1,2
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;Engineering Laboratory for Grass-based Livestock Husbandry, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
李昂¹
中国科学院植物研究所 植被与环境变化国家重点实验室 北京 100093
LI Ang¹
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
彭云峰¹
中国科学院植物研究所 植被与环境变化国家重点实验室 北京 100093
PENG Yunfeng¹
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
薛建国¹
中国科学院植物研究所 植被与环境变化国家重点实验室 北京 100093
XUE Jianguo¹
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
夏昊³
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094
XIA Hao³
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
黄建辉¹
中国科学院植物研究所 植被与环境变化国家重点实验室 北京 100093
HUANG Jianhui¹
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

         天然草地;“以小保大”原理;生态功能;生产功能;智能放牧系统

        natural grasslands;“small vs. large area” principle;ecological function;production function;intelligent grazing system

        我国草原总面积为392.8万平方公里，约占国土面积的40.9%，是国家生态安全的重要绿色屏障，也是农牧民赖以生存的主要生产资料。然而，自20世纪80年代开始，我国草原发生了大面积、不同程度的退化。迄今，“局部好转、整体恶化”的态势没有得到根本扭转，这已成为制约我国生态文明建设和社会经济发展的主要瓶颈。文章分析了我国草原恢复与保护的现状及存在的问题，提出草原恢复与可持续管理的对策，旨在为我国草原的恢复、保护和可持续利用提供参考。

        The area of grassland in China is about 392.8 million hm², covering 40.9% of land surface of China. Grasslands not only serve as important green barriers for national ecological security but also as basic means of production for local farmers and herders. However, the grasslands in China have been unevenly deteriorating since 1980s in large areas. To date, the overall condition of grasslands in China remains worsening, with some area getting better. Such a situation severely constrains the developments of ecological civilization and social economy in China. Here, we analyze the current state and issues in grassland restoration and conservation and suggest some countermeasures, aiming to restore, conserve, and sustainably use the grasslands in China.