金京波,王台,程佑发,王雷,张景昱,景海春,种康.我国牧草育种现状与展望[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(6):660-665.

我国牧草育种现状与展望

Current Situation and Prospect of Forage Breeding in China
作者
金京波
中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093
JIN Jingbo
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
王台
中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093
WANG Tai
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
程佑发
中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093
CHENG Youfa
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
王雷
中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093
WANG Lei
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
张景昱
中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093
ZHANG Jingyu
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
景海春*
中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093
JING Haichun*
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
种康*
中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093
CHONG Kang*
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
中文关键词
         牧草;育种技术;分子设计育种;全基因组关联分析;全基因组选择育种
英文关键词
        forage;breeding technology;molecular design-based breeding;genome-wide association studies;whole genome selection breeding
中文摘要
        高产优质牧草品种是保证我国草牧业可持续发展的关键。但我国牧草育种起步晚,工作进程十分缓慢,严重缺乏具有自主知识产权的牧草品种。由于牧草一般具有自交不亲和、异花授粉、多倍体遗传、近交退化等特性,很难解析其重要农艺性状,导致牧草育种技术还停留在杂交选育为主的“2.0时代”。分子设计育种是加快牧草新品种选育的好手段,但目前尚缺乏适用于牧草分子设计的理论和技术体系。为抢占牧草分子育种先机,中国科学院布局了战略性先导科技专项(A类)“创建生态草牧业科技体系”,以攻克“牧草复杂基因组功能解析”这一“卡脖子”技术,发展基于分子设计理念的牧草育种新技术,实现从传统育种到定向分子育种的跨越,培育具有自主知识产权的高产优质牧草品种。
英文摘要
        High-yield and high-quality forage varieties are the key to sustainable development of grass-based livestock husbandry in China. However, the forage breeding was started late in China, and the progress is very slow, and the forage varieties of independent intellectual property rights are seriously lacked. Forages generally have self-incompatibility, natural allogamy, polysomic inheritance, and marked inbreeding effects. Subsequently, it is difficult to characterize agronomically important complex traits, resulting that the breeding technology is still in the 2.0 era of hybrid breeding. The molecular design-based breeding is a fine strategy to speed up the breeding process, however, there is a lack of theoretical and technical system for the molecular design-based forage breeding. Recently, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has launched the strategic priority program "Establishing Scientific and Technological System of Ecological Grass and Animal Husbandry", to dissect complex forage genomes, establish a new molecular design-based forage breeding technologies, and breed high-yield and high-quality forage varieties with independent intellectual property rights.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20210511003
作者简介
金京波 中国科学院植物研究所研究员。Journal of Plant Biology、Plants、Frontiers in Plant Science和《植物学报》编委。长期从事蛋白质翻译后修饰的生物学功能研究和豆科植物功能基因组学研究。在Molecular Plant、PNAS、Plant Cell等国际学术期刊发表SCI论文50余篇。
E-mail:jinjb@ibcas.ac.cn
JIN Jingbo Professor of the Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).Editorial board member of Journal of Plant Biology,Plants,Frontiers in Plant Science,and Chinese Bulletin of Botany.Jin is mainly working on characterization of biological functions of post-translation modifications and functional genomics of legumes.He has published more than 50 research papers in world leading journals,including Molecular Plant,PNAS,and Plant Cell.
E-mail:jinjb@ibcas.ac.cn
景海春 中国科学院植物研究所研究员。主要从事牧草复杂性状的分子遗传研究。
E-mail:hcjing@ibcas.ac.cn
JING Haichun Professor,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences.His research focuses on understanding the molecular basis of forage production related traits including biomass,yield stability and sugar metabolism and storage.
E-mail:hcjing@ibcas.ac.cn
种康 中国科学院院士。中国科学院植物研究所研究员。中国植物学会理事长,中国植物生理与分子生物学学会理事,Journal of Integrative Plant Biology主编,《植物学报》荣誉主编。长期从事水稻激素信号互作调控器官发生的分子网络、水稻感受低温分子应答机制和小麦开花与春化作用分子机理研究。主要研究成果发表在Cell、Molecular Cell、Developmental Cell、Genome Biology、EMBO Journal、Nature Communications、Nature Plants、Plant Cell等国际学术刊物。
E-mail:chongk@ibcas.ac.cn
CHONG Kang Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),Professor of the Institute of Botany,CAS,President of Botanical Society of China,council member of Chinese Society of Plant Biology,Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,Honorary Editor-in-Chief of Chinese Bulletin of Botany.Chong is mainly working on functional genomics of organogenesis and development in rice;plant response mechanism to environmental factors;molecular mechanisms of vernalization.The findings and achievements have been published in world leading journals,including Cell,Molecular Cell,Developmental Cell,Genome Biology,EMBO Journal,Nature Communications,Nature Plants,Plant Cell,etc.
E-mail:chongk@ibcas.ac.cn
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