侯瑞星,欧阳竹,刘振,来剑斌,孙志刚,李永华,李宏伟,李振声,李静.环渤海“滨海草带”建设与生态草牧业发展路径[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(6):652-659.

环渤海“滨海草带”建设与生态草牧业发展路径

“Coastal Grass Belt” as Paradigm for Grass-based Livestock Husbandry around Bohai Bay

侯瑞星¹
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
HOU Ruixing¹
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China
欧阳竹¹
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
OUYANG Zhu¹
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China
刘振¹
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
LIU Zhen¹
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China
来剑斌¹
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
LAI Jianbin¹
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China
孙志刚¹
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
SUN Zhigang¹
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China
李永华¹
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
LI Yonghua¹
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China
李宏伟²
中国科学院遗传与发育生物研究所 北京 100101
LI Hongwei²
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
李振声²
中国科学院遗传与发育生物研究所 北京 100101
LI Zhensheng²
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
李静^1*
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
LI Jing^1*
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China

         “滨海草带”;环渤海;循环农业;草牧业;生态优先;绿色发展

        Coastal Grass Belt;Bohai rim;circular agriculture;grass-based livestock husbandry;ecology priority;green development

        环渤海4省份的滨海地区拥有大量中低产田和未利用盐碱地，也是我国重要的集约化养殖区域，但人工牧草种植和牛羊养殖的规模严重错位。高效利用盐碱地种植宜牧草，发展生态草牧业不仅能解决养殖所需饲草料严重不足的问题，也为发展农区生态草牧业提供范式。李振声提出的“滨海草带”理念，强调利用滨海中低产田和盐碱地，依据障碍因子的不同，适宜开展人工种草，在全面改良土壤、保障生态环境质量的同时，为牛羊养殖提供饲草保障；“滨海草带”建设将有力落实和推进我国的“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略，服务保障重要农产品安全和陆海统筹生态安全的国家战略。文章在分析“滨海草带”自然资源禀赋与草牧业发展需求匹配性的基础上，阐明了环渤海草牧业高质量发展目标、关键科学问题、创新模式，并探讨了生态环保效益与经济产业效益潜力。最后，从技术创新平台与能力建设、坚持生态优先高质量发展原则、做好资源配置与空间分区等方面提出了建设“滨海草带”，促进环滨海绿色发展的思考。

        One of the burning questions of food security in current China is how to produce sufficient forage products and animal feeds. The limited arable land has to be devoted to cereal production, and exploring more terrestrial land is a prerequisite for the sustainable forage production and the development of grass-based livestock husbandry. Bohai rim is consist of coastal line of the North China Plain, which has a significant amount of medium-low yielding fields and unutilized saline-alkali land as well as intensive livestock production. In this study, a new concept of "Coastal Grass Belt", proposed by LI Zhensheng, an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), was introduced, which addresses how to develop grass/forage farming system according to the severity of salinity. This concept can not only improve soil quality but also provide sufficient forage for livestock. Meanwhile, the concept is also aligned with China's national strategies of storing grain in land and in agricultural technology to ensure the self-sufficiency of important agricultural products and the integration of the security of land and marine ecosystems. This paper provides a detailed description of the "Coastal Grass Belt" concept, elaborates its goals, key scientific issues and innovative modes, and analyzes the ecological environmental and economic-industrial benefits. Finally, the much-needed innovation platforms, agro-industry modes and policies for the development of "Coastal Grass Belt" are discussed.