魏辅文,平晓鸽,胡义波,聂永刚,曾岩,黄广平.中国生物多样性保护取得的主要成绩、面临的挑战与对策建议[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(4):375-383.

中国生物多样性保护取得的主要成绩、面临的挑战与对策建议

Main Achievements, Challenges, and Recommendations of Biodiversity Conservation in China
作者
魏辅文
中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100101
WEI Fuwen
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
平晓鸽
中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100101
PING Xiaoge
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
胡义波
中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100101
HU Yibo
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
聂永刚
中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100101
NIE Yonggang
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
曾岩
中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100101
ZENG Yan
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
黄广平
中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100101
HUANG Guangping
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
中文关键词
         生物多样性公约;生态文明;野生动植物;自然保护地体系;协同增效;海洋保护
英文关键词
        Convention on Biological Diversity;ecological civilization;wildlife;protected area system;synergy;marine conservation
中文摘要
        经过近30年的发展,我国基本实现了生物多样性的全方位系统保护。目前,生物多样性保护已上升为国家战略,被纳入国家的顶层设计,相关法规制度逐步完善,科学研究取得重大突破。通过实施生物多样性保护和生态修复重大工程,建立自然保护地体系,划定生态保护红线等措施,我国重要生态系统和珍稀濒危物种得到了有效保护,社会参与和公众意识得到明显提升。此外,通过缔结多项生物多样性相关的国际公约和协定,以及倡议成立“一带一路”绿色发展国际联盟等举措,我国完成了从重要参与者向积极贡献者的履约角色转变。然而,我国生物多样性保护也存在一些有待解决和加强的问题,如:资金投入机制单一,数据整合程度不够,对海洋等生态系统的保护投入不足,以及追求数量目标而忽视生态系统结构和完整性等。未来,应转变保护策略,强化顶层设计;加强公约间协同增效,将生物多样性保护与国土空间规划和环境污染治理等相结合;从追求数量目标转为提升质量,加大海洋生物多样性保护,以及野生动物遗传资源库和野外台站建设力度,加强外来入侵生物和野生动物疫源疫病研究;搭建大数据平台,推动生物多样性信息共享和深度挖掘,为全球生态文明建设贡献中国智慧和中国方案。
英文摘要
        After nearly 30 years of development, China has basically realized the comprehensive conservation of biodiversity. Biodiversity conservation has been upgraded to a national strategy and incorporated into the top-level design, with laws and regulations gradually being improved and major scientific breakthroughs continuously being achieved. Through the implementation of major biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration projects, establishment of protected area system, and delineation of ecological red line, important ecosystems and endangered species have been effectively protected, and social participation and public awareness have been significantly improved. In addition, by signing a number of biodiversity-related international conventions and agreements and proposing the “Belt and Road Initiative International Green Development Coalition”, China has transformed from an important participant to an active contributor of international agreements. However, there are still problems to be solved and areas for further improvement in biodiversity conservation, such as pursuing quantitative targets while ignoring ecosystem structure and connectivity, insufficient conservation input on marine ecosystem, single source conservation funding mechanism, and non-uniform monitoring data which cannot be effectively integrated and analyzed. In the future, conservation strategies should focus on strengthening toplevel design; promoting the synergy between conventions; integrating biodiversity conservation into the territorial and spatial planning, and pollution control; improving quality instead of pursuing quantitative targets; reinforcing marine biodiversity conservation, the construction of wild animal genetic resources bank and field stations, and the research in invasive species and wildlife infectious diseases; and building a big data platform to facilitate the sharing and data mining of biodiversity information. These Chinese wisdom and solutions will contribute to the construction of global ecological civilization.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20210305001
作者简介
魏辅文 中国科学院院士,发展中国家科学院院士。中国科学院动物研究所研究员,中华人民共和国濒危物种科学委员会常务副主任。中国动物学会副理事长兼秘书长,中国动物学会兽类学分会理事长。主要从事大熊猫、小熊猫等濒危动物保护生物学研究。首次提出"保护演化生物学"和"保护宏基因组学"新分支学科。
E-mail:weifw@ioz.ac.cn
WEI Fuwen Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries (TWAS). Professor of Institute of Zoology, CAS. Professor Wei is currently the Executive Deputy Director of the Endangered Species Scientific Commission of the People's Republic of China (Scientific Authority of CITES in China), Deputy Chairman and SecretaryGeneral of the China Zoological Society, and Chairman of the Mammal Branch, China Zoological Society. He is mainly engaged in the conservation biology research of endangered animals such as giant panda and red panda. He initiated the subdisciplines of "Conservation Evolutionary Biology" and "Conservation Metagenomics".
E-mail:weifw@ioz.ac.cn
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