车涛,李弘毅,晋锐,盖迎春,谭俊磊,张阳,任志国,王旭峰,李新.遥感综合观测与模型集成研究为黑河流域生态环境保护与可持续发展提供科技支撑[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(11):1417-1423.

遥感综合观测与模型集成研究为黑河流域生态环境保护与可持续发展提供科技支撑

Integration of Remote Sensing Observations and Models Supports the Regional Sustainable Development in Heihe River Basin, China

车涛
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院黑河遥感试验研究站 兰州 730000
CHE Tao
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
李弘毅
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院黑河遥感试验研究站 兰州 730000
LI Hongyi
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
晋锐
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院黑河遥感试验研究站 兰州 730000
JIN Rui
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
盖迎春
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院黑河遥感试验研究站 兰州 730000
GE Yingchun
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
谭俊磊
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院黑河遥感试验研究站 兰州 730000
TAN Junlei
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
张阳
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院黑河遥感试验研究站 兰州 730000
ZHANG Yang
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
任志国
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院黑河遥感试验研究站 兰州 730000
REN Zhiguo
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
王旭峰
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院黑河遥感试验研究站 兰州 730000
WANG Xufeng
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
李新
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院黑河遥感试验研究站 兰州 730000
LI Xin
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

         黑河流域;遥感;综合观测;真实性检验;模型集成;生态水文;决策支持;可持续发展

        Heihe River Basin;remote sensing;integrated observation;validation;model integration;eco-hydrology;decision support;sustainable development

        中国科学院黑河遥感试验研究站（以下简称“黑河遥感站”）立足寒旱区内陆河流域，通过星空地一体化的综合观测手段，精细化地观测黑河流域的水文气象要素，在科学上为寒旱区定量遥感、尺度转换、模型集成等方面的研究作出突出贡献，在服务国家需求上为流域可持续发展、生态环境保护、国家公园建设等提供科技支撑。黑河遥感站构建了我国第一个多要素-多尺度-精细化流域综合观测系统，积累了大量的长期观测数据，为流域综合观测提供了示范；开展了深入的寒旱区定量遥感研究，形成了一系列寒旱区关键特色遥感数据产品，且得到了广泛应用；构建了异质性地表遥感产品真实性检验的理论框架和方法体系，并形成了相关国家标准；在黑河流域生态-水文-社会经济模型，以及流域可持续发展决策支持系统的发展中起到关键支撑作用。总体上，黑河遥感站实现了从传统单站观测向流域综合观测系统的转型，实践和推进了观测-模型-决策一体化研究，是新时代山水林田湖草系统综合监测的典型，也是以流域为单元开展地球表层系统科学研究的示范。

        The Heihe River Basin is the second largest inland river basin in China. During the last few decades, this region has been faced with a serious of severe ecological and environmental problems caused by rapid economic growth and climate change. Two decades ago, with the increase of population and water consumption in the upper and middle reaches, the ecological water consumption in the lower reaches was greatly squeezed, which eventually led to serious ecological disasters, such as the shrinkage of the natural oasis, the drying up of the lakes, and frequent sandstorms in the lower reaches. The sustainable development of the region has been seriously challenged. To accurately monitor changes in hydrological and meteorological variables at watershed scale and support the wise use of water resources in this region, the Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station (HRSERS) was founded in 2009. The foundation of HRSERS has greatly improved the level of scientific research and decision support in the Heihe River Basin. The main achievements include: (1) the first watershed scale (with an area of 143000 km²) integrated observation system in China is constructed, and a large number of long-term observation data are obtained. More than 200 papers have been published using the observed dataset; (2) key eco-environmental variables in Heihe River Basin are retrieved from remote sensing data; (3) the theoretical framework and method system for the authenticity inspection of heterogeneous surface remote sensing products have been established, and some related national standards have been approved; (4) the eco-hydrological model is improved by adding glacier, snow and permafrost modular, and the eco-hydrology-economic coupling model is developed for the whole Heihe River Basin to full couple the natural processes and social processes; (5) the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were monitored at the basin scale and regional scale, and provides scientific support for the sustainable development and decision-making of Heihe River Basin.