聂常虹,陈彤,王焕刚,王雷.新时代我国妇女脱贫问题研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(10):1282-1289.

新时代我国妇女脱贫问题研究

Research on Poverty Alleviation of Chinese Women in New Era

聂常虹
中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100101
NIE Changhong
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
陈彤
中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院 北京 100190
CHEN Tong
School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
王焕刚
中国科学院大学 经济与管理学院 北京 100190
WANG Huangang
School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
王雷
北京大学 光华管理学院 北京 100871;嘉实基金管理有限公司 北京 100020
WANG Lei
Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;Harvest Fund Management Co. Ltd, Beijing 100020, China

         妇女扶贫;乡村振兴;性别歧视;数字鸿沟

        women's poverty alleviation;rural revitalization;gender bias;digital divide

        针对贫困地区妇女的扶贫工作是脱贫攻坚不可或缺的重要组成部分。妇女脱贫对于阻断贫困代际传递，增进妇女福祉，建设和谐幸福家庭具有至关重要的作用。2020年是全国贫困地区从脱贫走向振兴的关键节点，在此背景下，深入研究新时代妇女脱贫问题具有重要意义。文章首先指出了当前妇女脱贫面临的4个问题——乡村性别歧视，“数字鸿沟”，社会救助力量薄弱，以及扶贫工作中的性别意识欠缺。进而在介绍理论基础、国际妇女脱贫经验和国内妇女脱贫典型案例的基础上，提出4点建议：（1）将性别平等内化为乡村社会行为规范；（2）增加培训以弥合“数字鸿沟”；（3）提高家庭劳动社会化水平；（4）建设包容、弹性、可持续的妇女扶贫长效机制。

        Women's poverty alleviation is an indispensable part of poverty alleviation, and it plays a vital role in blocking the intergenerational transmission of poverty, improving women's well-being, and building a harmonious and happy family. 2020 is the key node for poverty alleviation to rejuvenation in poverty-stricken areas across the country. In this context, it is of great significance to in-depth study of women's poverty alleviation in the new era. This article first points out the 4 problems that women face in poverty alleviation: gender bias in the countryside, the digital divide, the absence of non-governmental organizations, and the lack of gender awareness in poverty alleviation practices. Next, it introduces the theoretical foundation, international women's poverty alleviation experience and typical scenarios of Chinese women's poverty alleviation. On the basis of these, four suggestions are put forward: one is to internalize gender equality as a rural social code of conduct; the second is to increase training to eliminate the digital divide; the third is to increase the level of socialization of family labor; the fourth is to build an inclusive, flexible and sustainable mechanism for women's poverty alleviation. We hope this paper could provide a reference for women's poverty alleviation in the future.