姚华,黄云,徐敬英,马光宇,王燕,刘常鹏,孙守斌.我国北方地区清洁供暖技术现状与问题探讨[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(9):1177-1188.

我国北方地区清洁供暖技术现状与问题探讨

Technology Status and Discussion on Challenges of Clean Heating in Northern China
作者
姚华
中国科学院过程工程研究所 多相复杂系统国家重点实验室 北京 100190
YAO Hua
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
黄云
中国科学院过程工程研究所 多相复杂系统国家重点实验室 北京 100190
HUANG Yun
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
徐敬英
中国科学院过程工程研究所 多相复杂系统国家重点实验室 北京 100190
XU Jingying
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
马光宇
鞍钢股份有限公司技术中心 鞍山 114021
MA Guangyu
Technology Center, Angang Steel Co. Ltd., Anshan 114021, China
王燕
中国科学院过程工程研究所 多相复杂系统国家重点实验室 北京 100190
WANG Yan
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
刘常鹏
鞍钢股份有限公司技术中心 鞍山 114021
LIU Changpeng
Technology Center, Angang Steel Co. Ltd., Anshan 114021, China
孙守斌
鞍钢股份有限公司技术中心 鞍山 114021
SUN Shoubin
Technology Center, Angang Steel Co. Ltd., Anshan 114021, China
中文关键词
         清洁取暖;区域供热;技术分析;科学评价
英文关键词
        clean heating;district heating;technical analysis;scientific evaluation
中文摘要
        近年来,我国北方地区雾霾天气频发,京津冀地区尤为严重。受经济成本、取暖模式等诸多因素影响,短期内燃烧化石能源仍为北方地区冬季取暖的主要形式。推进我国北方地区冬季清洁取暖工作是中央提出的一项重要战略部署。文章回顾了区域供热技术发展的大致历程,介绍了近10年来国家相关的供热政策,详细比对分析了我国北方现有各项清洁供暖技术的优劣,包括:清洁燃煤供暖、天然气供暖、电制热供暖、地热供暖、生物质能清洁供暖、太阳能供暖、工业余热供暖、核能供暖等,最后对清洁供暖领域存在的关键共性问题进行了深入剖析,并探讨解决路径。为推进我国北方地区清洁取暖工作的可持续发展,建议今后围绕3个方面重点开展工作:(1)逐步建立清洁取暖科学评价体系,从全生命周期角度主要考量能效指标、经济指标和环境影响指标等性能参数;(2)有序推进供热管网节能改造和采暖末端能效提升,逐步健全现有供热系统评价体系,对于供热管网先评估后改造,逐一突破;(3)积极探索多方共赢长效机制,注重顶层设计与协调,加强区域政策配套与完善。
英文摘要
        In recent years, haze weather has frequently occurred in Northern China, especially in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Burning fossil fuels in winter, in the short term, is still a major method to get warm in Northern China because of the influences of economic cost and heating mode. Promoting clean heating is an important strategic decision of the Party Central Committee and the State Council. This article reviewed the development course of district heating in the first place. After that, the relevant policies of heating in the last ten years were briefly introduced. Moreover, the technical advantages and disadvantages of various clean heating, such as clean coal heating, natural gas heating, electric power heating, geothermal heating, biomass energy heating, solar energy heating, waste heat energy heating, nuclear energy heating, and so on, were analyzed in detail. Finally, the key common issues of clean heating were discussed and the solutions were proposed. In order to promote the sustainable development of clean heating in Northern China, it is necessary to focus on three aspects in the future. First, a scientific evaluation system of clean heating should be established. Major performance parameters including energy efficiency, economic index, and environmental impact index should be investigated in terms of the system's whole life cycle. Second, the energy-saving renovation of heating network should be sequentially promoted. It is suggested that systematic evaluation of the original heating system should be established before any modification. Finally, mechanism of long-term mutual win needs to be explored. Top-level design and coordination from the central government and regional support from the local government should be strengthened.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20191125001
作者简介
姚华 中国科学院过程工程研究所助理研究员。2013年在浙江大学获得工学博士学位。主要研究领域为可再生能源存储与利用、能量转换系统集成与优化等。现主持国家重点研发计划课题子课题1项,已在国内外期刊发表论文10余篇,授权国家发明专利4项。
E-mail:hyao@ipe.ac.cn
YAO Hua Assistant Professor at Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy Sciences.He received his Ph.D.degree from Zhejiang University in 2013.After he became a staff of the Institute of Process Engineering,he has been working on renewable energy storage and utilization,and integration and optimization of energy conversion system.He is now the sub-project leader of National Key R&D Program of China.Up to now,he has published more than 10 journal papers and achieved 4 authorized national invention patents.
E-mail:hyao@ipe.ac.cn
黄云 中国科学院过程工程研究所研究员。2001年浙江大学获学士学位,2004年中国科学院理化技术研究所获硕士学位,2008年美国爱荷华大学获博士学位,之后在美国佛蒙特大学和普林斯顿大学开展博士后研究。主要从事储能和清洁能源相关的研究工作。曾主持科技部"973"课题、国家自然科学基金项目课题、中国科学院重点部署项目课题等。已在国内外期刊发表论文40余篇,参与/合作专著3部。
E-mail:yunhuang@ipe.ac.cn
HUANG Yun Professor at Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy Sciences (CAS).She received her B.S.degree from Zhejiang University in 2001,M.S.degree from Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,CAS in 2004,and Ph.D.degree from University of Iowa in 2008.After that,she continued post-doctoral trainings in University of Vermont and Princeton University,respectively.She joined the Institute of Process Engineering of CAS in 2011.Her research interests are energy storage and clean energy.Funded research projects include China" 973"Research Program,the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences.She has published 40+journal papers,and 3 academic books cooperated with others.
E-mail:yunhuang@ipe.ac.cn
微信关注公众号