羊向东,董旭辉,陈旭,王荣,王倩,林琪,徐敏.长江经济带湖泊环境演变与保护、治理建议[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(8):977-987.

长江经济带湖泊环境演变与保护、治理建议

Past Environmental Changes and Management Suggestions for Lakes in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

羊向东
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 湖泊与环境国家重点实验室 南京 210008
YANG Xiangdong
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
董旭辉
广州大学 地理科学与遥感学院 广州 510006
DONG Xuhui
School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
陈旭
中国地质大学(武汉) 地理与信息工程学院 武汉 430074
CHEN Xu
School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
王荣
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 湖泊与环境国家重点实验室 南京 210008
WANG Rong
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
王倩
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 湖泊与环境国家重点实验室 南京 210008
WANG Qian
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
林琪
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 湖泊与环境国家重点实验室 南京 210008
LIN Qi
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
徐敏
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 湖泊与环境国家重点实验室 南京 210008
XU Min
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

         长江经济带;湖泊环境演化;生态系统退化;过程与机制;保护与治理对策

        the Yangtze River Economic Belt;lake environmental change;ecosystem degradation;process and mechanism;strategy of protection and restoration

        长江经济带湖泊主要集中分布在我国西南横断山区和东部江淮流域洪泛平原区。自然环境的巨大差异和经济发展的不平衡，导致了长江经济带东、西部湖泊不同程度的生态环境问题。全面改善长江经济带湖泊水环境，对推动长江经济带可持续发展有着重要的现实意义。在缺乏长期监测数据的情况下，过去湖泊环境变化的研究可为当前的保护与治理提供历史借鉴。文章剖析了长江经济带东、西部湖群的环境问题，总结出我国西南地区高海拔山地湖泊水质环境明显好于低海拔的断陷湖泊，江淮地区浅水湖泊水环境质量总体比西南地区的更差；通过沉积记录的多指标研究，从长期演化的角度，重点揭示了长江经济带东、西部两个区域不同类型湖泊过去百年来环境演化的阶段性特征，及其对气候、水文和营养变化的响应机理；查明了近年来湖泊生态系统退化原因；讨论了古湖沼研究在生态系统修复参考目标设定、治理效果评估、水生植被恢复过程中群落结构优化、生态系统临界转换预警、生态安全评估等方面的应用价值。最后，针对不同区域湖泊面临的环境问题，提出了相应的保护及治理对策。

        Lakes in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are mainly distributed in the Hengduan Mountain area in Southwest China and the flood plain area of the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin in East China. The high spatial variability of natural environment and economic development have rendered the ecological and environmental problems of these lakes. Comprehensive improvement of the lake environment and their ecological states are important for regional development. In the absence of long-term monitoring data, past environmental changes based on lake sediments, also termed as paleolimnological studies, can provide historical information for the protection and restoration of these lakes. This study revealed better water quality in alpine lakes than low-altitude ones in southwest China, while the worst water quality in the shallow lakes in the Jianghuai region. Furthermore, based on paleolimnological analysis, this study provided a long-term perspective to reveal the evolution characteristics and the mechanisms responding to the changes in climate, hydrology and nutrition in different lakes of the two areas in the past century. Such research also elucidated the reasons of the lake degradation in recent years, and exhibited the advantage of paleolimnological studies in defining reference conditions for ecosystem restoration, management evaluation, community structure optimization during aquatic vegetation restoration, early warning signals of ecosystem critical transition, and ecological safety assessment. Aiming at above environmental problems faced by lakes in different regions, the study put forward several targeted measures for their protection and restoration.