樊杰.我国“十四五”时期高质量发展的国土空间治理与区域经济布局[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(7):796-805.

我国“十四五”时期高质量发展的国土空间治理与区域经济布局

High-quality Development of National Territory Space Governance and Regional Economic Layout During 14th Five-Year Plan in China

樊杰
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101;中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190;中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院 北京 100049
FAN Jie
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

         “十四五”规划;高质量发展;空间治理;经济布局;国土;区域

        14th Five-Year Plan;high-quality development;space governance;economic layout;territory;region

        “十四五”时期，空间治理现代化和区域经济布局优化是规划和发展的重要内容。改革开放以来，我国区域经济布局采用“部分地区先富起来”的指导思想，迅速带动了国力整体提升，但区域间发展差距持续拉大；开放经济与非国有经济发展迅猛，但经济体系安全性和高级化存在“短板”，国有经济领域改革尚有不足。我国空间治理进步显著，但在法制化和科学化、学习型政府和民主化治理及治理体系化等方面，同现代化要求差距较大。“十四五”时期，空间治理现代化的重点是：完善政府、市场、社会组织、公众共同参与的空间治理模式，健全公平与效益并重、政府调控与市场优化配置并重、问题与目标并重、约束与激励并重的区域政策体系，形成适应高质量发展要求的区域协调新机制。区域经济布局的重大举措是：不断增强城市群、都市圈和区域中心城市的能级，践行人口经济集聚过程中实现区域均衡协调发展的新模式。以重构我国相对完整的产业体系为契机，打造重大生产力布局的新形态。启动大西北地区高质量开发的伟大工程，培育相对贫困地区发展致富的新动力。

        During the period of 14th Five-Year Plan, modernization of space governance and optimization of regional economic layout are the important parts of planning and development. Since the reform and opening up, China's regional economic layout has adopted the guiding ideology of "some regions get rich first", which has rapidly driven the overall improvement of national strength, but the development gap between regions has continued to widen. The open economy and the non-state-owned economy are developing rapidly, but there are shortcomings in the security and advancement of the economic system, and the reform of the state-owned economy is still insufficient. China's space governance has made remarkable progress, but in terms of legalization and scientization, learningoriented government and democratic governance, and systematic governance, there is a big gap with modernization requirements. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the key points of space governance modernization include:improving the space governance model in which the government, the market, the social organizations, and the public participate together; improving a regional policy system that puts equal emphasis on fairness and benefits, government regulation, and market optimization allocation, issues and goals, and constraints and incentives; and developing a new mechanism for regional coordination that meets the requirements of highquality development. The major measures of the regional economic layout are continuously enhancing the energy levels of urban agglomerations, metropolitan areas and regional central cities, and practicing the new model of achieving balanced and coordinated regional development in the process of population economic agglomeration. It should take the opportunity of restructuring China's relatively complete industrial system as an opportunity to create a new pattern in the distribution of major productive forces, and launch the great project of high-quality development in northwest China to cultivate the new driving force of development and prosperity in relatively poor areas.