程磊磊,却晓娥,杨柳,姚雪玲,卢琦.中国荒漠生态系统:功能提升、服务增效[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(6):690-698.

中国荒漠生态系统:功能提升、服务增效

China's Desert Ecosystem: Functions Rising and Services Enhancing
作者
程磊磊
中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所 北京 100091
CHENG Leilei
Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
却晓娥
中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所 北京 100091
QUE Xiao'e
Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
杨柳
中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所 北京 100091
YANG Liu
Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
姚雪玲
中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所 北京 100091
YAO Xueling
Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
卢琦
中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所 北京 100091;中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心 巴彦淖尔 015200
LU Qi
Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bayannur 015200, China
中文关键词
         荒漠;生态系统;生态服务;功能评估;价值核算;提质增效
英文关键词
        desert;ecosystem;ecosystem service;function assessment;valuation;enhancement
中文摘要
        荒漠是我国干旱、半干旱地区的典型原生生态系统,具有独特的结构、功能与服务。文章基于《荒漠生态系统服务评估规范》,利用第五次全国荒漠化和沙化监测数据(2010—2014年),首次估算出2014年我国荒漠生态系统服务总价值约为42 279亿元人民币(2014年价格);其中,防风固沙、水文调控、土壤保育和固碳价值分别占比40.1%、24.2%、18.1%和17.0%,生物多样性保育和景观游憩所占比重合计不到1%。剔除价格因素影响,2009—2014年我国荒漠生态系统服务价值实际净增1 202亿元人民币(2014年价格),其中防风固沙服务效益提升的贡献最大(达47.5%)。文章探索以荒漠生态系统服务价值与国内生产总值(GDP)的比值来衡量生态保护与经济增长的发展均衡度,2009—2014年该比值在荒漠生态系统涉及的所有地区均有下降,各地区降幅从19.4%到38.8%不等,这表明当前荒漠生态系统功能提升与服务增效的速度慢于区域经济增速。因此,在发展经济的同时需要加大荒漠生态系统的保护与修复力度,以促进我国西北干旱半干旱地区尽快步入荒漠生态系统提质增效与经济增长高度均衡的发展阶段。
英文摘要
        Desert is the typical original ecosystem in arid and semi-arid zones of China and is characterized by its unique structure, functions and services. This study, based on the national forestry standard Assessment Criteria of Desert Ecosystem Services in China and the fifth National Desertification and Sandification Monitoring data, first estimated the total value of China's desert ecosystem services in 2014 to be 4227.9 billion CNY (in 2014 prices), of which, wind break and sand fixation, hydrological regulation, soil conservation, and carbon sequestration consisted of 40.1%, 24.2%, 18.1% and 17.0%, respectively, and biodiversity conservation and landscape recreation together accounted for less than 1%. By eliminating the impacts of price change, the real value of China's desert ecosystem services was increased by 120.2 billion CNY (in 2014 prices) from 2009 to 2014, of which improvement in wind break and sand fixation service contributed the most (by 47.5%). We tried to measure the equilibrium degree of ecological protection and economic growth by the ratio of ecosystem service value to GDP. The ratios of the provincial regions wholly or partly covered by desert ecosystem all decreased during 2009 and 2014, with a decrease range between 19.4% and 38.8%, which indicates that the speed of desert ecosystem function raising and service enhancement was slower than regional economic growth. The protection and rehabilitation of desert ecosystem needs to be accelerated along with economic growth, thus a higher equilibrium degree of economic growth and function raising and service enhancement of desert ecosystem can be achieved in the northwestern arid and semi-arid regions in China.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20200430001
作者简介
程磊磊 中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所副研究员。主要研究领域包括:荒漠生态系统服务与资产评估,荒漠化防治政策,以及土地退化经济学。主持及参与国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金等多项课题,为科学技术部、国家林业与草原局等政府决策部门和联合国防治荒漠化公约(UNCCD)、联合国欧洲经济委员会(UNECE)等国际机构提供决策咨询多次。发表论文20余篇。
E-mail:chengleilei@caf.ac.cn
CHENG Leilei Associate Professor at Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry. His research area focuses mainly on desert ecosystem service and asset valuation, desertification combating policy, and economics of land degradation. He has been participating as principal investigator or core member in several projects of the National Key R&D Program of China and the National Natural Science Foundations of China. He also has provided consultancy to the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, UNCCD, and UNECE. He has more than 20 articles published.
E-mail:chengleilei@caf.ac.cn
卢琦 中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所所长、沙漠林业实验中心主任,研究员、博士生导师。长期从事荒漠化防治、干旱区生态系统管理及相关战略与政策等研究。主持科研课题50多项,发表论(译)文180余篇,主编或参编著(译)作20余部;获得国家级科技奖励4项、省部级科技奖励5项。牵头组织“库姆塔格沙漠综合科学考察”,填补了我国沙漠科考的最后空白。主要兼职:西南林业大学石漠化研究院院长、国家荒漠-草地野外生态观测研究站联盟共同主席,国家林业与草原局第六届科技委常委、第一届草原标准化技术委员会委员,全国防沙治沙标准化技术委员会秘书长等,《中国沙漠》《生态学报》《自然资源学报》《中国水土保持科学》《林业科学研究》和Journal of Resources and Ecology等编委。
E-mail:luqi@caf.ac.cn
LU Qi Professor and Directors of Institute of Desertification Studies and Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Doctoral Supervisor. His research interests focus on desertification control, ecosystem management in arid zones, macrostrategies and policies. He has been leading and co-leading more than 50 scientific research projects, published more than 180 peerreviewed papers, over 20 books, and received 4 national scientific and technological awards and 5 provincial and ministerial level awards. The first key project of the national basic work program, “Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of the Kumtag Desert”, has filled the last blank of the desert scientific investigation in China. He used to serve as President of Rocky Desertification Research Institute under Southwest Forestry University, and now is a Co-Chair of the National Union of Deserts and Grassland Ecological Observation and Research Stations, member of the sixth CST Standing Committee of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, member of the First Grassland Standardization Technical Committee, Secretary-General of the National Sand Control and Desertification Standardization Technical Committee, member of the Third Expert Committee of the National Disaster Reduction Commission, etc. and the editorial board of many journals such as Journal of Desert Research, Acta Ecologica Sinica, Journal of Natural Resources, Science of Soil and Water Conservation, Forest Research and Journal of Resources and Ecology.
E-mail:luqi@caf.ac.cn
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