胡永云,杨军,魏强.地球之外的冰雪世界——行星冰冻圈研究综述[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(4):494-503.

地球之外的冰雪世界——行星冰冻圈研究综述

Ice World Beyond Earth—Brief Introduction to Planetary Cryosphere
作者
胡永云
北京大学 物理学院 大气与海洋科学系 北京 100871
HU Yongyun
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
杨军
北京大学 物理学院 大气与海洋科学系 北京 100871
YANG Jun
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
魏强
北京大学 物理学院 大气与海洋科学系 北京 100871
WEI Qiang
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
中文关键词
         冰冻圈;太阳系行星;系外行星;行星科学;气候
英文关键词
        cryosphere;solar planets;exoplanets;planetary sciences;climate
中文摘要
        文章介绍了太阳系和太阳系外行星冰冻圈。太阳系各行星和卫星的表面温度差异很大,它们的冰冻圈发育各不相同。水星和月球的两极陨石坑的永久阴影区中可能有水冰存在。金星太热,表面既没有液态水,也不可能有水冰存在。火星两极存在永久性冰帽,包括水冰和干冰(固态CO2)。在太阳系雪线之外,存在很多冰卫星和富含水的矮行星,它们的主要是由水冰组成的;在极低的温度下,水冰甚至比地球上的岩石还要坚硬,并成为这些星体的壳层。除了水冰,其他易挥发组分如CO2、CH4、N2、CO等在极低温度下都会凝固为冰,形成不同于水冰的冰冻圈。因此,行星冰冻圈具有与地球冰冻圈迥然不同的丰富多样性。对行星冰冻圈的研究有助于我们扩大视野,更深入地理解地球冰冻圈,也将有助于我们理解太阳系的形成、地球水分的来源、地球深时古气候环境和生命演化,以及开展未来的系外生命探测。
英文摘要
        In the present paper, we briefly introduce the planetary cryosphere of solar planets and exoplanets. Planets and satellites in the solar system have very different surface temperatures. Therefore, they have very different cryosphere. Mercury and the Moon likely have water ice in the permanent dark areas of craters in polar regions. Venus is too hot to have a cryosphere. Mars has permanent polar ice caps that include both water ice and carbon-dioxide dry ice. Beyond the snowline of the solar system, there are many dwarf planets and satellites that are mainly consisted of water ice. With extremely low temperatures, water ice becomes even harder than the rocks on Earth and is actually the shell layer of these satellites and dwarf planets. In addition to water ice, other gases over Earth, such as CO2, CH4, N2, CO, and so on, are condensed to solid states under conditions of extremely low temperatures. They form different cryosphere from water ice. Therefore, planetary cryosphere is very different from that on Earth, and they have plenty divergences. Studies on planetary cryosphere would largely broaden our understanding on Earth's cryosphere and benefit our understanding of the formation of the solar system, origin of water on Earth, evolution of life and climate environment on Earth, and extra-solar life detection in future.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20200328001
作者简介
胡永云 北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系教授。1986年获中山大学学士学位,1996年获美国德州农工大学硕士学位,2000年获芝加哥大学博士学位,2000-2004年在华盛顿大学和哥伦比亚大学做博士后。中国气象学会副理事长,国内外多个学术期刊编委。曾担任北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系系主任和副院长。主要研究领域包括:现代气候、地球深时气候和行星气候及行星宜居性研究。
E-mail:yyhu@pku.edu.cn
HU Yongyun Received B.S.degree from Sun Yat-Sen University of Atmospheric Sciences in 1986,M.S.degree from Texas A&M University in 1996,and Ph.D.degree from the University of Chicago in 2000.Yongyun Hu did his postdoctor at University of Washington and Columbia University over 2000-2004 and has been a Professor at Peking University since 2004.He has been the Vice President of the Chinese Meteorological Society since 2010,and he had been the Chair of the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences over 2010-2009 and Vice Dean of the School of Physics over 2015-2019.He currently serves as Editors of Theoretical and Applied Climatology,Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,and Earth and Planetary Physics,and Associate Editors of Science Bulletin and Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere.His current research interests include present-climate,deep-time paleoclimate,and planetary climate.
E-mail:yyhu@pku.edu.cn
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