金钊,王云强,高光耀,强小科,蔡秋芳,刘禹,孙有斌,吕一河,傅伯杰,安芷生.地球关键带与地表通量综合观测研究为黄土高原生态保护和可持续发展提供有力的科技支撑[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(3):378-387.

地球关键带与地表通量综合观测研究为黄土高原生态保护和可持续发展提供有力的科技支撑

Comprehensive Earth Critical Zone Observation and Terrestrial Surface Flux Monitoring Provide Strong Scientific Support for Ecological Protection and Regional Sustainable Development on the Loess Plateau of China

金钊
中国科学院地球环境研究所 西安 710016
JIN Zhao
Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710016, China
王云强
中国科学院地球环境研究所 西安 710016
WANG Yunqiang
Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710016, China
高光耀
中国科学院生态环境研究中心 北京 100085
GAO Guangyao
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
强小科
中国科学院地球环境研究所 西安 710016
QIANG Xiaoke
Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710016, China
蔡秋芳
中国科学院地球环境研究所 西安 710016
CAI Qiufang
Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710016, China
刘禹
中国科学院地球环境研究所 西安 710016
LIU Yu
Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710016, China
孙有斌
中国科学院地球环境研究所 西安 710016
SUN Youbin
Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710016, China
吕一河
中国科学院生态环境研究中心 北京 100085
Lü Yihe
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
傅伯杰
中国科学院生态环境研究中心 北京 100085
FU Bojie
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
安芷生
中国科学院地球环境研究所 西安 710016
AN Zhisheng
Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710016, China

         黄土沉积;气候环境演变;生态过程;水土过程;人地关系;生态系统服务;咨询建议;综合观测研究

        loess deposits;climate and environment evolution;ecological processes;soil and water conservation;human-land relationships;ecosystem service;policy advice;comprehensive observation and research

        中国科学院黄土高原地球关键带与地表通量野外观测研究站（以下简称“黄土高原关键带站”）立足黄土高原，面向黄河中游，开展季风区地球关键带和地表通量的长期定位观测和数据积累，在科学上为世界地球关键带科学作出突出贡献，在服务国家需求上为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展等国家战略提供有力的科技支撑。黄土高原关键带站提出了黄土关键带形成演化的“季风控制论”，重建了地质历史时期黄土高原植被、温度和降水的变化，查明了黄土关键带形成演化的气候背景；重建了过去500年温度、降水等气候要素序列，揭示了黄土高原干旱、高温等极端气候事件发生的诱因及特点；系统开展了黄土高原生态系统过程与服务研究，揭示了黄土高原关键带土地利用格局与生态过程的作用机理，阐明了不同生态系统服务的形成与相互作用机制，提出了面向可持续发展的黄土高原关键带类型划分的指标体系和方法框架；深入开展了黄土高原多尺度水土过程及其对重大生态工程的响应研究，阐明了黄土高原和黄河流域过去60年径流输沙和水沙关系的时空尺度特征与驱动机制，揭示了土壤水分与区域气候、土壤和植被的相互关系，定量评估了黄土高原生物和工程治理措施的环境效应；为黄土高原综合治理、生态保护和经济社会可持续发展提供决策咨询。

        Since the foundation of Chinese Loess Plateau Research and Observation Station for Earth Critical Zone and Terrestrial Surface Flux (CLP-CZO), CLP-CZO has been committing itself to serving the frontier critical zone science and regional or national policy needs. During the past decades, the research station has made several important advancements, including loess stratigraphy, paleo-environment evolution, ecosystem processes and services, soil and water conservation and policy advices for the Chinese Loess Plateau and the Yellow River. For its excellent research and policy services, the research station has been awarded two times of China National Natural Science Award and one time of Outstanding Scientific and Technological Achievement Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Up to now, the research station has published more than 300 peer-reviewed high quality papers. The significant science and policy advisory achievements include: (1) high quality and comprehensive loess and paleo-monsoon research, which has uncovered the internal relationships between loess-paleosol stratigraphy and paleo-climate and paleo-environment evolution and built the original theory of Paleo-monsoon Controlled Environment Evolution, and which has made the Chinese Quaternary paleo-climate research leading the world; (2) systematic research of land use patterns, ecosystem processes and services of the Chinese Loess Plateau, which has uncovered the interactive mechanisms of land use patterns and ecosystem processes and services in the area and put forward the parameter system and framework of the critical zone classification of the Chinese Loess Plateau for sustainable development; (3) systematic research of multiscale soil and water processes and conservation and its responses to large vegetation and engineering rehabilitation measures on the Chinese Loess Plateau, which has uncovered the complex relationships between soil moisture and regional climate, soil and vegetation and quantitatively evaluated the environment benefits and tradeoffs of large vegetation and engineering rehabilitation measures; (4) continuously providing advisory reports to the central government, the state council, state leaders and local government departments, which has provided strong science support for the decision-makers for the ecological rehabilitation and sustainable economic and social development of the Chinese loess Plateau and the Yellow River.