孙凝晖,张玉成,石晶林.构建我国第三代农机的创新体系[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(2):154-165.

构建我国第三代农机的创新体系

Build Innovation System of Third Generation of Agricultural Machinery in China
作者
孙凝晖
中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190
SUN Ninghui
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
张玉成
中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190
ZHANG Yucheng
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
石晶林
中国科学院计算技术研究所 北京 100190
SHI Jinglin
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
中文关键词
         智慧农业装备;产业布局;第三代农机创新体系;智慧农业;规划建议
英文关键词
        intelligent agricultural machinery;industrial distribution;the Third Generation of Agricultural Machinery Innovation System of China;intelligent agriculture;development suggestion
中文摘要
        农业机械化和农业装备智能化是提高农业生产效率、转变农业发展方式、提高农村生产力的重要基础。70年来我国的农机工业从新中国成立时候的"一穷二白"发展到如今全球规模第一,取得了举世瞩目的成就。但是,我国的农机工业与世界农机强国相比依然存在着巨大的技术差距,"大而不强"成为现阶段的主要特征。如何实现农机工业"由大变强"的突破,根本路径是要建立适合中国农业生产作业方式的农机创新体系。文章以拖拉机作为农机行业的典型代表,回顾了我国农机工业体系的发展历程,并结合技术发展和土地制度的变革,对新中国的农机工业体系进行断代划分;着重阐述了未来第三代农机的创新体系建设目标和内容;探讨新的技术创新体系在黄河三角洲的应用与实践,介绍如何构建第三代农机的应用体系。最后,对全面构建自主可控的第三代农机创新体系提出规划建议。
英文摘要
        Agricultural mechanization and intelligent agricultural machinery equipment are important basis for improving agricultural production efficiency and rural productivity, and changing the mode of agricultural development. In the past 70 years, China's agricultural machinery industry has made remarkable achievements. It has become the largest agricultural machinery country in the world, though the backwardness before liberation. Nevertheless, there is still a huge technical gap between China and established powers in the field of agricultural machinery. "Big but not strong" has become the main feature at this stage. To realize the breakthrough "from big to strong" in agricultural machinery industry, the fundamental path is to establish an agricultural machinery innovation system suitable for China's agricultural production operation mode. This study takes tractor as a typical representative of agricultural machinery industry, and reviews the development process of agricultural machinery industry system in China. Then we divide the agricultural machinery industry system of new China into different generations according to the technological development and the reform of land system. The aim and content of the new generation (third generation) agricultural machinery innovation system are described emphatically. We also discuss the application of new technology innovation system in the Yellow River Delta, and introduce how to build the application system of the third-generation agricultural machinery. Finally, some suggestions are given for the construction of the independent and controllable third generation agricultural machinery innovation system of China.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20200107003
作者简介
孙凝晖 中国工程院院士,中国科学院计算技术研究所所长、研究员、博士生导师,计算机体系结构国家重点实验室主任、学术委员会副主任,中国计算机学会高性能计算专业委员会主任,中国计算机学会副理事长,《计算机学报》主编,中国科学院大学计算机与控制学院副院长,中国科学院信息科技领域发展路线图战略研究专家组组长。主要研究领域包括高性能计算、计算机体系结构。
E-mail:snh@ict.ac.cn
SUN Ninghui Ph.D.,Professor,Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering.He is the Director of Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).He is also the Director of State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture,Vice Chairman of Academic Committee.Dr.Sun is the Vice President of China Computer Federation (CCF),and the Director of CCF Technical Committee High Performance Computing (TCHPC).He serves as Editor-in-Chief of Chinese Journal of Computers.Currently,Dr.Sun is the leader of the expert group on strategic studies of information technology development roadmap in CAS.His main research interests include high performance computing and computer architecture.
E-mail:snh@ict.ac.cn
张玉成 中国科学院智能农业机械装备工程实验室高级工程师,北京中科晶上科技有限公司副总经理。主要研究领域智能农机,复杂农业系统控制理论与方法。
E-mail:zhangyucheng@ict.ac.cn
ZHANG Yucheng Ph.D.,Senior Engineer,CAS Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment,Vice General Manager of Beijing Zhongke Jingshang Technology Co.Ltd.His main research interests include intelligent agricultural machinery,control theory and method of complex agricultural system.
E-mail:zhangyucheng@ict.ac.cn
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