吴宜灿,赵永康,马成辉,徐春艳,王明煌,付雪微,邹小亮,夏凡,王芳,周涛,胡丽琴.国际放射性废物处置政策及经验启示[J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(1):99-111.
国际放射性废物处置政策及经验启示
International Experience of Radioactive Waste Disposal Policy and Its Enlightenment for China
国际放射性废物处置政策及经验启示
International Experience of Radioactive Waste Disposal Policy and Its Enlightenment for China
作者
吴宜灿
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
WU Yican
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
赵永康
生态环境部华北核与辐射安全监督站 北京 100029
ZHAO Yongkang
Northern Regional Office of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Inspection, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100029, China
马成辉
生态环境部华南核与辐射安全监督站 深圳 518034
MA Chenghui
Southern Regional Office of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Inspection, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shenzhen 518034, China
徐春艳
生态环境部核与辐射安全中心 北京 100082
XU Chunyan
Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100082, China
王明煌
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
WANG Minghuang
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
付雪微
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
FU Xuewei
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
邹小亮
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
ZOU Xiaoliang
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
夏凡
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
XIA Fan
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
王芳
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
WANG Fang
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
周涛
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
ZHOU Tao
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
胡丽琴
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
HU Liqin
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
WU Yican
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
赵永康
生态环境部华北核与辐射安全监督站 北京 100029
ZHAO Yongkang
Northern Regional Office of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Inspection, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100029, China
马成辉
生态环境部华南核与辐射安全监督站 深圳 518034
MA Chenghui
Southern Regional Office of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Inspection, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shenzhen 518034, China
徐春艳
生态环境部核与辐射安全中心 北京 100082
XU Chunyan
Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100082, China
王明煌
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
WANG Minghuang
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
付雪微
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
FU Xuewei
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
邹小亮
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
ZOU Xiaoliang
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
夏凡
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
XIA Fan
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
王芳
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
WANG Fang
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
周涛
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
ZHOU Tao
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
胡丽琴
中国科学院核能安全技术研究所 中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室 合肥 230031
HU Liqin
Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
中文关键词
放射性废物处置;放射性废物管理;废物处置政策
英文关键词
radioactive waste disposal;radioactive waste management;waste disposal policy
中文摘要
我国已经形成较为完整的核工业体系，但随着核能的发展，产生和积存的放射性废物总量不断增多，放射性废物的处置能力与核能的发展不相匹配，废物超期贮存所引起的安全、社会和环境等问题日益突出。通过对美国、法国等核电装机容量高、在放射性废物处置方面有着丰富经验的国家进行调研分析，分别从政策及立法、监管及实施、资金筹措及激励措施3个方面将我国放射性废物管理体系与国际进行对比，给出对我国放射性废物管理体制与机制的经验启示，并提出了完善我国放射性废物管理体制与机制的建议。
英文摘要
China has formed a comprehensive nuclear industry system, but the radioactive waste disposal capacity cannot keep up with the requirement since more wastes are generated and accumulated. One of most critical challenges is the safety, environmental, and even political issues caused by the overdue storage of radioactive waste. In this study, the radioactive waste management experience in foreign countries, which have high nuclear power installed capacity and rich experience in radioactive waste disposal, has been investigated and analyzed, And then the comparison has been made between these countries and China, in terms of the policy and legislative system, regulatory and implementing, financing and compensation. Finally, the implications on China's governance in the radioactive waste disposal have also been presented in the paper.
DOI10.16418/j.issn.1000-3045.20191210001
作者简介
吴宜灿 中国科学院院士、国际核能院院士。中国科学院核能安全技术研究所所长,兼任国际小型铅基堆联盟主席、国际能源署聚变核技术执委会主席。长期从事核科学技术及相关交叉领域研究,主持国际和国内重大科研项目30余项,出版中英文专著4部,发表论文400余篇。科研成果已在国内外获得广泛应用,获国家自然科学奖二等奖、国家科技进步奖一等奖、安徽省重大科技成就奖,以及美国核学会杰出成就奖、欧洲聚变核能创新奖等重要科技奖励10余项。
E-mail:yican.wu@fds.org.cn
WU Yican Director General of Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology (INEST),Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),and the leader of FDS Team.He has been an academician of CAS and an academician of International Nuclear Energy Academy (INEA).He has been serving in the International Energy Agency (IEA),International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER),Generation IV International Forum (GIF),and Alliance for Small Lead-based Fast Reactors (CASLER).His research interest includes nuclear science and engineering,medical physics and application,computer simulation and software engineering,and other interdisciplinary research.As the project leader or chief-scientist,he has been in charge of more than 30 domestic or international research projects.He has published more than 400 papers in journals and international conferences,including Nature Energy,PNAS,etc.He has served as the editorial advisory board member in 14 academic journals,and made more than 50 invited talks in international conferences.He has received more than 10 national/international awards,including the Prize of National Natural Science Award,the Prize of China Industry-University-Research Institute Collaboration Innovation Award,the American Nuclear Society (FED) Outstanding Achievement Award,European Prize for Innovation in Fusion Research,etc.
E-mail:yican.wu@fds.org.cn
E-mail:yican.wu@fds.org.cn
WU Yican Director General of Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology (INEST),Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),and the leader of FDS Team.He has been an academician of CAS and an academician of International Nuclear Energy Academy (INEA).He has been serving in the International Energy Agency (IEA),International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER),Generation IV International Forum (GIF),and Alliance for Small Lead-based Fast Reactors (CASLER).His research interest includes nuclear science and engineering,medical physics and application,computer simulation and software engineering,and other interdisciplinary research.As the project leader or chief-scientist,he has been in charge of more than 30 domestic or international research projects.He has published more than 400 papers in journals and international conferences,including Nature Energy,PNAS,etc.He has served as the editorial advisory board member in 14 academic journals,and made more than 50 invited talks in international conferences.He has received more than 10 national/international awards,including the Prize of National Natural Science Award,the Prize of China Industry-University-Research Institute Collaboration Innovation Award,the American Nuclear Society (FED) Outstanding Achievement Award,European Prize for Innovation in Fusion Research,etc.
E-mail:yican.wu@fds.org.cn
